Structure & Function 🍺🍷🦠
Bile would be secreted from the Gallbladder starting at the Fundus > Body > Infundibulum > Neck > Ending at this structure, prior to entering the bile duct!
The liver lies deep to these ribs on the right side.
What are ribs 7-11?
This large vessel brings nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor blood straight from your GI tract into the liver.
What is the Hepatic portal vein?
These nerves provide GENERAL SENSATION to the liver and gallbladder.
What are the Right Phrenic Nerve (Diaphragmatic Surface of Liver and GB) and the Greater Splanchnic Nerve (Visceral Surface of Liver)?
The Common Bile Duct and Main Pancreatic Duct meet to drain into the duodenum. This anatomical site is a common location for gallstone impaction.
What is the distal end of the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
The gallbladder is this color because it stores and concentrates bile.
Pigments bilirubin and biliverdin contribute to this distinct hue.
What is Green?
The gall bladder is commonly found at the tip of this costal cartilage @ the midclavicular line.
What is the 9th Costal Cartilage?
A blockage of this branch of the celiac trunk would result in lack of oxygenated blood to the liver and gallbladder.
What is the common hepatic artery?
Sympathetics to the Liver and gallbladder will originate in these spinal levels from the Lateral Horn.
What are T7-T10?
Many portal-caval anastomoses serve to provide alternate pathways for venous blood to bypass the liver and enter systemic blood flow when portal flow is obstructed. This vascular complication of cirrhosis leads to esophageal varices and caput medussae in which you see engorgement of the veins associated with the portal caval system.
What is portal hypertension?
There are four lobes of the liver: right, left, caudate, and quadrate. They are divided by fissures and fossae that form an "H." This structure divides the caudate and quadrate lobes and is the horizontal bar of the "H."
What is the Porta Hepatis?
This area on the posterior aspect of the liver lacks visceral peritoneum, and has direct contact with the diaphragm.
What is the Bare Area of the liver?
The portal vein and hepatic artery both empty into these specialized capillaries, where nutrient and gas exchange occurs along with filtration before blood leaves via the central vein, ultimately draining into hepatic veins and the Inferior Vena Cava.
What are hepatic sinusoids?
These dermatome levels are shared between the Right phrenic nerve, and the supraclavicular, suprascapular, dorsal scapular, axillary, and lateral pectoral nerve.
This connection results in the characteristic referred pain to the right shoulder found with liver and gallbladder disease processes.
What are levels C3, C4, and C5?
This condition (likely present in Chad's Liver...) involves replacement of hepatocytes with fibrous tissue, forming nodules and disrupting normal liver architecture and function.
What is Liver Cirrhosis?
The functional unit of the liver is the lobule which has a hexagonal shape with a central vein positioned in the center. Surrounding the periphery of the lobules are interlobular triads. These are the three components of the interlobular triads.
What is the branch of the proper hepatic artery, branch of the portal vein, and biliary duct?
The liver's visceral surface lies on the inferior surface and comes into contact with several organs.
Its partner the gallbladder, along with the stomach, colon, right kidney, suprarenal gland and THIS organ which receives its bile secretions.
What is the duodenum?
Central veins coalesce into these larger veins that drain directly into the Inferior Vena Cava.
What are the Right, Middle, and Left Hepatic veins?
It's Thanksgiving Break! You just ate a plate of turkey, stuffing, and mashed potatoes. You are RESTING & DIGESTING.
The VAGUS nerve will pass through the CELIAC ganglion and stimulation by postganglionic parasympathetic nerves will result in this.
What is contraction of the Gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi?
DAILY DOUBLE
See Radiograph 1...
This clinical abnormality is seen here on US. Though usually benign, it can cause cholecystitis if blocking the cystic duct, or obstructive jaundice.
What are Gallstones?
Bonus: See these @ Table 8!
While Kupffer Cells within the sinusoids (the Liver's resident macrophages) serve to filter pathogens out of the blood, detoxification and filtration is achieved by these Liver cells.
What are hepatocytes?
Sitting intraperitoneally...the Liver retains several structures from fetal development, and this remnant of the left umbilical vein lies within the falciform ligament.
What is the round ligament of the Liver?
The liver has both superficial and deep lymphatic vessels. The superficial lymphatics drain from both the anterior and posterior aspects. On the anterior/inferior surface of the liver, lymph drains primarily toward these lymph nodes located along hepatic vessels and ducts in the lesser omentum.
What are the hepatic lymph nodes?
Fun fact: Between ¼ and ½ of the lymph received by the thoracic duct comes from the liver!
Dr. W just told you to retake exam 1 as your final grade. You get no preparation time.
This nervous system has been activated! Leading to this response from the Liver...as it attempts to provide your brain with enough power to recall the Brachial Plexus...
Hint: the synapse will occur in the Celiac Ganglion
What is the sympathetic nervous system, and gluconeogenesis?
The lymphatic system provides interconnected pathways which can enable the spread of cancer cells throughout the body. This series of lymph nodes near the diaphragm can serve as a conduit for breast cancer metastasis to the liver.
What is the inferior phrenic nodes?