Name That Disease
Name the disease caused by a deficiency of iodine, leading to an enlarged thyroid gland in livestock.
Goiter
This internal parasite has a long, ribbon-like body and requires an intermediate host such as mites or snails to complete its life cycle.
Tapeworm
Which immune system cells recognize specific pathogens upon future encounters?
Memory cells
How long is the recommended quarantine period for new livestock?
2 to 4 weeks
Which type of medication is commonly used to control both internal and external parasites?
*Bonus Points- 300pts* What is the "fancy" word for this type of medication?
Dewormer
*Anthelmintics*
List two general symptoms of disease in livestock.
Droopiness, labored breathing, nasal discharge, diarrhea
A lack of this mineral in the diet can result in poor colostrum quality.
Protein
Which type of microorganism invades host cells to replicate, making them difficult to control?
Viruses
Identify the disease caused by a deficiency of Vitamin D, resulting in bowed legs and swollen joints.
Rickets
These small external parasites cause intense itching and hair loss in livestock by burrowing into the skin.
Mites
Name the type of white blood cell responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens in the innate immune response.
Phagocytes
This term refers to the containment of infectious diseases to prevent their spread outside the farm.
Biocontainment
Why is overgrazing a risk factor for parasite infestations?
Animals graze closer to the ground, increasing contact with larvae.
Identify the zoonotic fungal infection commonly transmitted by direct animal contact.
Ringworm
This mineral toxicity causes animals hair and hooves to become brittle.
Selenium
Which type of microorganism is often transmitted via soil and has a thick cell wall?
Fungi
This nutrient deficiency disease is common in sheep and goats where excess amounts of this mineral is absorbed by the liver over time and includes destruction of red blood cells and further tissue damage.
Copper
Known as a major pest in Gulf Coast states, this fluke infects the liver and bile ducts of livestock.
Liver fluke
What type of immunity is gained through vaccination?
Acquired immunity
What are the three components of biosecurity?
*100pts for each*
Isolation, resistance, sanitation
Why is under-dosing dewormers harmful?
It reduces control and increases resistance in parasites
What are the three types of disease?
*100pts for each one*
Pathogenic/infectious
Nutritional
Physiological
This condition in cattle results from low levels of magnesium or calcium and can lead to muscle spasms and death.
Grass tetany
What are the three shapes of bacteria?
*100pts for each*
Cocci, spiral, bacilli
This bacterial disease is known to cause late-term abortions in cattle, pigs, and goats.
Brucellosis
This ectoparasite is known for creating warbles or cyst-like structures in the skin of cattle.
Cattle grubs
What type of acquired immunity is passed from mother to offspring through colostrum?
Passive immunity
What term refers to infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans?
Zoonotic diseases
Name a self-application method for external parasite control.
Oil back rubbers or dust bags
What are the two main ways an animal can contract a disease? Give an example of each.
direct contact: physical contact with another sick animal, including skin-to-skin
indirect contact: touching a contaminated surface
other types of contact include airborne transmission of microbes, fecal-oral transmission, or by insects or other wildlife
What deficiency causes a condition called "water belly" in cattle?
High phosphorus diets causing urinary calculi
Which infectious agent produces toxins and is often spread through contaminated pasture grass?
Bacteria
This viral disease spreads through mosquito bites and can cause inflammation of the brain and spinal cord in horses.
West Nile Virus
This type of parasite is a single-celled microorganism, found in nearly every habitat worldwide, and species are often host specific to a particular animal species
*Bonus Points- 300* Which disease caused by this type of parasite can be found in all types of livestock, but is more common in poultry?
Protozoa
*coccidiosis*
What is the chemical defense in the digestive system that helps dissolve pathogens?
Stomach acid
What is the most cost-effective method of protecting herds from disease?
Prevention through biosecurity
What is a key factor in selecting an anthelmintic product for parasite control?
Species treated, cost, withdrawal time, or PPE required
What type of disease is caused by toxic plants or genetic mutations?
Physiological disease
Name the condition where excess copper absorption damages red blood cells in goats.
Copper toxicity
Which type of infectious agent requires a host to replicate and is difficult to control?
Viruses
This disease is highly contagious among birds and led to mass depopulation in a 2002 outbreak in Los Angeles.
Newcastle Disease
This category of parasites has three distinct types: flukes, nematodes, and tapeworms. What is the name of the category?
Helminth
Which type of vaccine contains a live but altered pathogen that replicates without causing disease?
Modified live vaccine
What practice involves removing organic materials like manure or bedding to limit the spread of disease?
Sanitation
How many months would you have to leave a pasture ungrazed to break up the life cycle of most parasites?
12
Name a common symptom of grass tetany in cattle
Muscle spasms, staggering, or death
Livestock rarely eat poisonous plants unless forced to by hunger. If they do, it can cause a ___disease.
Physiological
Name the type of bacteria identified by its rod-shaped form
Bacilli
This genetic disease causes cows to have only one claw on at least one foot at birth.
syndactyly (Mule Foot)
This external parasite is commonly found on livestock during the fall and can cause severe itching and hair loss.
Lice
This process occurs when the immune system limits nutrients to pathogens to reduce their replication.
Nutritional immunity
This disease, caused by a virus, led to increased biosecurity measures on poultry farms.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza
What are some pasture management techniques to (hopefully) avoid parasite infestation?
○graze more susceptible younger cattle to a pastures with lower instances of parasites
○leave pasture ungrazed to break up parasite life cycle
○prevent overgrazing of pastures
○graze mature livestock on the more contaminated pastures
What is the term for severe symptoms like tumors or abscesses?
Lesions
Moldy, spoiled hay and feed can cause __ symptoms in horses
Colic
This infectious agent produces powerful toxins and multiplies rapidly and can live in just about any environment
Bacteria