Genetics Basics
Who is known as the “father of genetics”?
Gregor Mendel
What is the passing of traits from parents to offspring called?
heredity
How many boxes are in a typical Punnett square?
4
Eye color is an example of what kind of trait?
inherited trait
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
What do we call a gene that masks another gene?
dominant
What do we call different forms of a gene?
alleles
If B = brown eyes and b = blue eyes, what is the genotype of a heterozygous person?
Bb
Can two parents with brown eyes have a child with blue eyes?
yes
What shape is a DNA molecule?
double helix
What plant did Mendel use in his experiments?
pea plant
What is the set of genes an organism has?
genotype
If two parents are Bb and Bb, what percent of offspring are likely to be bb?
25%
How many chromosomes do we get from each parent?
23
True or False: All living things have DNA.
true
What do we call the chart that helps predict the traits of offspring?
punnett square
What word describes an organism’s physical traits?
phenotype
What do you call a genotype with two of the same alleles?
homozygous
What does it mean if a trait is "inherited"?
the trait is passed from parent to offspring
What animals did Mendel not use in his experiments? (Cats, Peas, Bees, or Trees)
cats
What are chromosomes made of?
DNA
What do we call a trait that is hidden when a dominant allele is present
recessive
In a Punnett square, how many dominant alleles are needed to show the dominant trait?
1
Give an example of a trait that is influenced by both genes and environment.
height
True or false:
Humans share about 50% of our genes with plants.
True