History of Life
This is what we call an organism with four limbs
Tetrapod
What is an allele?
A version of a gene
This is a random change in an organism's DNA
Mutation
Natural selection can be summed up using this four-word phrase
Survival of the fittest
Scientific explanation that all life has changed over time and is related through a common ancestor.
Theory of Evolution
The fossil record can tell us many things. For example, if we find a fossil buried in a layer of rock, we know this about both the fossil and the rock
They're the around the same age
This diagram shows us both common ancestors and shared characteristics of organisms
Cladogram
Any sexually reproducing organism has this many alleles for each trait
Two
The individuals in a population that are the most fit are the most likely to do these two things
Survive & Reproduce
Camouflage is a trait that may help certain organisms have a better chance of survival. What is camouflage an example of?
Adaptation
What do transitional fossils show us about the history of life on earth?
shared ancestry
evolutionary changes/steps
How many chromosomes do you inherit from each parent?
23
Provide the matching strand to this strand of DNA: TGACCAATGGCAAGT
ACTGGTTACCGTTCA
This is the number one factor that determines which traits are positive and which are negative
Environment
This process helps animals and plants with helpful traits survive and have more babies.
Natural Selection
Name the eras of the Phanerozoic Eon
Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic
What is the genotype of an individual who is a homozygous taster if tasing is a dominant trait?
TT
If you looked at a strand of DNA and 30% of it was guanine, what percentage of it would be cytosine?
30% cytosine
In order for natural selection to occur, there must be this in the population
Heritable Variation
The theory of evolution states that we all descended from this
Common Ancestor
A sample of a rock contains 2g of Uranium-235, and 14g of Pb. Scientists know when this rock was formed, it was entirely Uranium-235. The halflife of U-235 is 704 million years. How old is this rock?
2112 million years old
2.112 billion years old
A heterozygous purple pea plant is crossed with a white pea plant. What is the resulting phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the offspring?
Phenotype - 1:1 Purple:White
Genotype - 0:1:1 TT:Tt:tt
Draw the structure of DNA. What is the single unit called, and what are the 3 components that make up that unit?
Double Helix
Nucleotide - Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous Base(ATGC)
What happens to certain traits of the fittest organisms in a population? Explain how you know!
They become more common. The survivors pass on these traits over generations.
Speciation is the process by which one species turns into two or more distinct species that can no longer mate. What is the main reason that speciation occurs?
Geographic separation / isolation