Vocab
This term describes a short segment of DNA that codes for a trait
What is a gene?
This man is known as the Father of Genetics
Who is Gregor Mendel?
This type of DNA is only passed on from mothers to offspring
What is mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA)?
This describes a cross of two individuals to examine two traits in the offspring
What is a dihybrid cross?
This allele is expressed only when there is no dominant allele present
What is recessive?
This is one of many alternative forms of a gene; always come in pairs
What are alleles?
Briefly explain Mendel's law of segregation
What is 'alleles separate during gamete formation; each parent can only contribute on allele for each trait in every gamete?'
This is a major disorder that is associated with a chromosomal inversion
What are recurrent miscarriages?
In this type of inheritance, two alleles are 'fighting' for dominance and neither one wins
What is incomplete dominance?
This term is used to describe the genetic makeup (aka - the combinations of alleles) an organism has for a trait
What is the genotype?
This term describes an individual who has one dominant and one recessive allele
What is heterozygous?
This occurs when two alleles are both equally and fully expressed in the offspring
What is codominance?
This term is used to describe the observable characteristics of an organism
What is the phenotype?
This type of mutation occurs when DNA is changed due to an environmental factor
What are induced mutations?
This is the study of how your DNA interacts with your environment during your life time
What is epigenetics?
List Mendel's Laws of Heredity
What are 1) Law of Dominance, 2) Law of Segregation, 3) Law of Independent Assortment?
List four reasons why pea plants were ideal for Mendel's work on heredity
What is 1) easy to grow, 2) have binary traits, 3) grow quickly, 4) produce hundreds of offspring, or 5) were easily available?
On the board, write out the two possible ways an individual could be homozygous for a trait
What is BB and bb?
List three ways that an induced mutations can occur
What are 1) exposure to x-rays or other radioactive materials, 2) smoking cigarettes (or second hand smoke exposure), 3) UV radiation from the sun, 4) exposure to any cancer-causing agent?
What would the parent genotypes need to be in order for 100% of offspring to have Type O blood?
What is 'IOIO?'
Human blood type is an example of these two types of complex inheritance
What are 1) codominance, and 2) multiple alleles?
Humans have _____ total chromosomes and we first saw chromosomes under a microscope in _______
What are '46' and '1882?'
What is different about a translocation mutation compared to other types of chromosomal mutations discussed in class?
What is 'this type of mutation involves TWO non-homologous chromosomes?'
Briefly explain the law of independent assortment
What is 'the probability of inheriting one allele does not affect the probability of inheriting any other alleles; in other words, alleles do not come in bundle packages?'
On the board, write down the alleles for human blood type using the exact same notation that was used in class
What are IA, IB, and IO?