This is a short segment of DNA that codes for a certain trait
What is a gene?
100
A NEARLY normal female has the following sex chromosomes
What is XXX?
100
A female with Turner's Syndrome has the following sex chromosomes
What are X and O?
200
A male with this syndrome has the sex chromosomes XXY
What is Klinefelter's syndrome?
200
This law of inheritance states that of two alleles, one is more likely to be expressed over the other
What is the Law of Dominance?
200
Nondisjunction can cause this chromosomal condition
What is monosomy or trisomy?
200
The failure of chromosomes to separate evenly during meiosis is known as
What is nondisjunction?
200
A nearly normal male has the following sex chromosomes
What is XYY?
300
This is the term for when a single allele has more than one possible phenotype
What is pleiotropy?
300
This is why sex-linked traits more commonly seen in males
What is 'because if a gene is carried only on the X chromosome, there is no other copy to compensate for it on the y chromosome'?
300
The genotype of an organisms with alleles AA is described as
What is homozygous dominant?
300
Mendel's Law of Segregation states this:
What is 'pairs of alleles separate during the production of gametes?'
300
This describes the case of traits being influenced by more than one gene
What are polygenic traits?
400
This term is used to describe the case when genes are influenced by external environment
What is multifactorial inheritance?
400
Give four reasons why pea plants were excellent study organisms for inheritance?
What is 1) they grow fast, 2) easy to grow/low maintenance, 3) produce hundreds of offspring, 4) have binary traits, 5) can self-fertilize?
400
A dihybrid cross with heterozygous parents will have this many phenotypes found in this specific ratio
What is 4 phenotypes in a 9:3:3:1 ratio?
400
Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that:
What is 'all alleles that make up genes of an organisms separate and then recombine independently during gamete formation (i.e., alleles do not come in bundled packages)'?
400
This occurs when a heterozygous individual has a third phenotype that is a BLENDING of parental traits
What is incomplete dominance?
500
This process is how mitochondrial diseases occur
What is cytoplasmic inheritance?
500
Why did Mendel see the recessive trait ALWAYS disappear in the F1 generation?
Because all offspring were heterozygous and the dominant allele masked the recessive allele?
500
This is the FULL definition of DNA (must have entire definition learned in class for to receive points)
What is 'the molecule made of many nucleotides that is responsible for growth, development, and reproduction of all living organisms?'
500
This occurs when a heterozygous individual has a third phenotype that shows both parental traits equally
What is codominance?
500
On the board, write out the only way for 100% of offpsring to have type O blood
What is 'I^O I^O parent crossed with I^O I^O parent?'