DNA
Traits
Probability & Punnett Squares
Genetic Mutations
Evolution
100
What is DNA?
a molecule that is inside of almost every cell of every living thing, that carries "instructions" for how its cells should work
100
What is an INHERITED TRAIT?
A trait that is passed down to you from your parents, from their DNA into yours
100
Probability of an event happening can be written as a decimal, a percent, or a __________.
fraction
100
What is a GENETIC MUTATION?
A single, accidental change to DNA
100
What is EVOLUTION?
The process of living things changing over many generations
200
What are the letters for the 4 chemical "bases" in DNA?
T, A, C, G
200
What is an ACQUIRED TRAIT?
A trait that you learn or get over the course of your life.
200
What is a DOMINANT ALLELE?
...a type of a gene that covers up recessive alleles, so it shows up in your traits even if you only get it from one of your parents.
200
Are MOST genetic mutations bad or good?
Most genetic mutations are bad for the cell and causes it to die.
200
A PALEONTOLOGIST is a scientist that studies ____
fossils
300
DNA is basically a code for ____________, which the cell uses to build itself and do chemical jobs.
proteins
300
Give 2 examples of INHERITED TRAITS.
eye color, skin color, height, hair curly or wavy or straight, etc.
300
What is a RECESSIVE ALLELE?
...a type of a gene that only shows up in your traits if you get a copy of it from both of your parents.
300
Why do most genetic mutations have no effect on you at all?
Most genetic mutations don't have any effect because they get repaired pretty much immediately.
300
One type of evidence that birds evolved from dinosaurs is that bird feathers and __________ scales are made up of basically the same type of cells.
reptile
400
You get 50% of your DNA from each of your parents, but bacteria get ____% of their DNA from their parent.
100%
400
Give 2 examples of ACQUIRED TRAITS.
ability to read, little kids learning to share their toys in kindergarten, skill at basketball, skill at math, playing music, being empathetic to other people, etc.
400
In the Punnett square below, which eye color is the RECESSIVE TRAIT?
blue eyes
400
How are genetic mutations connected to cancer?
Cancer is caused when a genetic mutation gives the cell the wrong instructions, and tells it to keep growing and dividing to make new cells that aren't supposed to be there (which is called a tumor)
400
The scientist who figured out the main explanation for how evolution worked was ___________________.
Charles Darwin
500
What is the correct pairing of the 4 chemical "bases" in DNA?
A - T
C - G
500
Is the language you speak with your parents an acquired trait or an inherited trait?
Explain why.
Your native language is an ACQUIRED TRAIT, because nobody is born knowing how to speak any language. You learn it by people talking to you and teaching you when you're little.
500
According to the Punnett square below, this brown-eyed mom and blue-eyed dad have a ___ chance of having a kid who has eyes the same color as their dad.
0%
500
Which of the following is an example of a BENEFICIAL mutation?
A. a gene that causes an animal's heart not to pump right
B. a gene that causes a person to not be able to have kids
C. a gene that causes a person to be immune to a germ that makes everyone else sick
D. a gene that causes someone to be more likely to develop cancer.
C. a gene that causes a person to be immune to a germ that makes everyone else sick
500
List at least one example of ARTIFICIAL SELECTION, when people have controlled the breeding of another living thing and have made it change over many generations.
dogs, fruits, vegetables, cows, pigs, horses, etc.