Language
A system of communication through the use of speech, collection of sounds and understood by a group of people to have the same meaning.
Language
the value system that people place on themselves and others based on a spiritual or divine aspect of the world
religion
Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life
Animism
A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.
Language Family
cultural traits such as dress modes, dwellings, customs, and institutions of usually small, traditional communities traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups
folk culture
the ability to communicate in two languages
Bilingualism
Belief in or worship of more than one god
polytheism
Universalizing religion originating in Israel; largest branches = Roman Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox
Christianity
conflict between 2 or more religions
interfaith conflict
the study of the relationship between the natural environment and culture
cultural ecology
A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.
lingua franca
A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally
Autonomous religion
Ethnic religion originating in ancient near eastern region of Canaan (Present day Palestine/Israel)
Judaism
conflict between 2 or more groups (often denominations) within 1 religion
intrafaith conflict
the modification of natural landscape by human activities
cultural landscape
A way of pronouncing words that indicates the place of origin or social background of the speaker.
Accent
A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location.
folk/ethnic religion
Universalizing religion originating in Saudi Arabia; largest branches = Sunni & Shiite/Shia
Islam
the study of place names
toponymy
the areas where civilizations first began and subsequently radiated the customs, innovations, and ideologies that culturally transformed the world
culture hearth
A language that results from the mixing of the colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.
Creole
A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location
Universalizing religion
Universalizing religion originating in Iran
Baha'i
the spread of an idea, innovation, or principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected
stimulus diffusion
the geographical and social spread of the different aspects of one culture to different ethnicities, religions, nationalities, regions
cultural diffusion
A regional variation of a language in vocabulary and pronunciation.
Dialect
A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control
Hierarchical religion
ethnic religion originating in India; considered the oldest religion on Earth;
Hinduism
A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.
Lingua Franca
is the practice of judging another culture by the standards one's own culture
ethnocentrism
A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocab of a Lingua Franca, used for communications among speakers of different languages.
pidgin language
A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body
Denomination
Universalizing religion originating in India; found largely in East & SE Asia; largest branches = Mahayana, Theravada, & Tantryana
Buddhism
the emphasis that the physical environment, especially the climate and terrain, actively shapes cultures, so that human responses are completely molded by the environment
environmental determinism
the fusion of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid trait
syncretism
A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family.
language branch
A type of religion that combines two or more faiths into one belief system;
Syncretic religion
ex: in many cases, followers of Buddhism also follow Shintoism or Confucianism
Ethnic religion originating in East Asia
Daoism/Taoism
the spread of an idea, innovation, or trend from and important node or person of authority or power to other persons or places of less significance
hierarchical diffusion
the term used to describe the adoption of certain cultural and social characteristics of one society by another society
Acculturation
hypothesized ancestral Indo-European language that is the hearth of the ancient Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit languages
Proto-Indo-European
Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or sect).
fundamentalism
theory of the diffusion of the Proto-Indo-European language into Europe through the speakers’ overpowering of earlier inhabitants through warfare and technology.
Conquest Theory
influence of a culture decreases the further one travels from the core.
Core-Domain-Sphere model