Shotgun Method
Time
Ethical Issues
Discoveries
Random
100
This version of the shotgun method involved breaking chromosomes down to chunks and then into DNA segments
What is the traditional shotgun method (or the method used by NIH)?
100
This is when Celera entered the race
What is 1998?
100
This is the definition of stigmatization. (synonyms count)
What is "to mark with disgrace"?
100
This is the percent of genes in humans that do not code for proteins.
What is 98%?
100
This is the organization that took longer than the other to obtain a rough draft of the human genome. (Between HGP and Celera)
What is HGP?
200
This is the phase that came after the shotgun phase
What is the finishing phase?
200
This is the time it took for Celera to sequence the human genome (albeit with imperfections)
What is 9 months?
200
This is one ethical issue about discrimination.
What is genetic discrimination?
200
This is the percent of genes that are inherited from our evolutionary past.
What is 98%?
200
These are the first 5 digits of pi after 3. (e.g. 45678 where pi is 3.45678)
What is 14159?
300
This is the first step of the shotgun phase used by NIH.
What is cloning the DNA segment?
300
This is the time it took for HGP to come up with a first draft of the human genome.
What is 15 years?
300
This is one ethical issue about making a copy of an organism.
What is cloning organisms?
300
This is the percent of genes in all humans that are identical.
What is 99%?
300
This is the largest shark in the history of Earth.
What is Megalodon?
400
This is the amount of time Celera needed to map the entire genome of a fruit fly.
What is 11 months?
400
This is the year that the human genome project began.
What is 1988?
400
This is one ethical issue about marking people with disgrace.
What is the stigmatization of people with particular genes?
400
This is the percent of genes in our bodies that code for proteins.
What is 2%?
400
This is log base 2 of 16384. (No calculator. 30 seconds to answer after clicking on this. Sneh will have a timer ready.)
What is 14?
500
This is the name of the shotgun method used by Celera.
What is "whole genome shotgun sequencing method"?
500
This is the year when the race to sequence the human genome ended.
What is 2003?
500
This is one ethical issue about insurance.
What is the fear that insurers will not cover for people with pre existing conditions?
500
This is the amount of base pairs in a human genome. This is the amount of genes in humans. (Answers have to be in order and one must answer both questions to be right.)
What is 3 billion and what is 25,000?
500
Explain the difference between Celera's approach for sequencing the human genome and NIH's approach. Extra 500 points if able to tell why Celera's approach was risky.
Celera broke down the entire genome into small segments and then matched them up and sequenced them. NIH broke down the genome into chunks and then the segments. Celera's approach was risky because there was a chance of matching up the wrong segments.
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