Human Development
Identify 1 p and 1 c in the human development definition
Productive lives
Potential
Participate (in the life of their community)
Creative
Choices
Capabilities
Identify the main method used to classify countries
Identify each word in the ACRONYM 'PADS'
Poverty
access to safe water
discrimination
sanitation
Identify the 3 dimensions of sustainability
Economic
Social
Environmental
Identify 4 global trends impacting health and human delelopment
Climate change
Digital technologies
Conflict
Mass migration
Tourism
World trade
Identify the 3 dimensions of the HDI
A decent standard of living
Knowledge
A long and healthy life
Identify the 3 categories used to determine the characteristics of different countries
Economic
Social
Environmental
Describe sanitation
Refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces, but can also refer to the maintenance of hygienic conditions through services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal.
Describe sustainability
It refers to meeting the needs of the current generation without impacting the ability for future generations to have their needs met.
Describe one impact of climate change common amongst low-income countries
Rising sea levels impact people in low-income countries as they often live along the coast lines.
Changing weather patterns impact people in low-income countries as they often rely heavily upon agriculture for food and income. Crops can be destroyed or fail to thrive when the weather is unpredictable
Extreme weather events impact people in low-income countries as they are often not as prepared for extreme weather events and lack alert systems.
Life expectancy
Mean years of schooling
Expected years of schooling
GNI per capita
Identify 3 economic characteristics of low income countries
Lower levels of poverty
Wide range of industries
Opportunities for global trade
High average incomes
Describe one example of discrimination and how it may impact health status
Explanation of one of the following:
FGM
Child marriage
Forced marriage
Racism/religion/sexual orientation/sexuality
Identify 2 examples of a safe and decent work environment as part of social sustainability
Minimum wage
Wearing of safety equipment
Sun safety in the work place
Maxiumum working hours
Minimum break system
maintenance of equipment
safety checks in the workplace
Outline one positive and one negative of digital technologies
Positives:
Telehealth, increase disaster preparedness, and SMS services can be used to issue warnings of an impending emergency, access more self-care and diagnostic information that they can use to monitor and improve their health and wellbeing, increase access to eHealth, Allow medical professionals to share treatment suggestions
Negatives:
Cyberbullying, privacy breach, Reliability of data on websites (self-diagnosis), Can lead to addictive behaviours
Describe the difference between mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling are as indicators of the HDI
Mean years of schooling - The average number of years of education achieved by those aged 25 years and over
Expected years of schooling - The number of years of education expected for a child of school entrance age
Describe which type of country (low, middle or high-income) would be more likely to experience high levels of carbon dioxide emissions and describe why.
High-income countries are more likely to experience high levels of carbon dioxide emissions due to the larger levels of industry or greater trade networks.
Outline how living in poverty may impact a child's choices in the future.
poverty may mean children have to work instead of going to school, meaning they aren't developing knowledge and skills
Poverty may mean that families don't have enough money to send children to higher education, meaning they are forced into particular jobs
Poverty may mean families are desperate for money- selling their children into forced marriages
Describe social sustainability
Can be defined as creating an equitable society where all people can access social resources now and into the future.
Outline both a positive outcome and a challenge of tourism for low-income countries
Positives:
Income for locals, sharing of culture, increased job opportunities
Negatives:
Overcrowding
It can place stress on fragile local ecosystems.
Waste and air pollution (contaminating water)
Increase in disease transmission
Provide, word for word, the human development definition
Human development is about creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests. It is about expanding people’s choices and expanding capabilities (the range of things people can be and do), having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living, and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives.
Describe the difference between poverty and extreme poverty as a social characteristic
Poverty refers to the lack of access to resources, often as the result of a lack of access to money. Extreme poverty can be expressed as incomes of less than PPP$2.15 per day.
Discuss the potential impact that a lack of access to safe water could have on burden of disease (must link to DALYs)
Drinking unsafe water can lead to the consumption of bacteria. This bacteria can manifest into water-borne diseases such as cholera or diarrhoea. If untreated, these can lead to death, increasing rates of YLL and overall DALYs.
Describe biodiversity as an environmental factor and how achieving this could improve health status
Biodiversity refers to having a balance between living things and the environment in which they live. Achieving balance means animals and plants can thrive. This means people have access to trees for shelter. Shelter provides safety from the outside elements like storms, reducing morbidity rates from illness or injury and increasing health status.
Outline two ways in which military conflict can impact on the food supply of people living in a low-income country.
1. Bombing of facilities such as supermarkets
2. Bombing of infrastructure so people are unable to get to their food supply
3. Other countries cutting off trade of goods
4. Truck and delivery drivers unable to deliver goods to the local supermarkets