14a
14b
19
20
21
100
After meiosis 1 chromosomes will de-condense before meiosis 2. T/F
F
100
When crossing true breeding parents what will your F1 generation consist of?
all heterozygotes
100
If a virus does this too quickly, it will not be able to effectively spread.
Kill host
100
Evolution is
change in allele or genotype frequency
from one generation to the next
100
What is speciation?
Process by which a singular species splits into two.
200
Meiosis results in what?
4 haploid daughter cells
200
What where the three things Mendel did different from other experiments?
Used true breeding
counted progeny
focused on one trait
200
A virus has larger concentrations of the protein cro, what is the most likely way that the virus will reproduce?
Lytic cycle
200
What are the 4 requirements for natural selection?
1. there must be variation in the population.
2. variation in the population must be heritable.
3. competition for resources among individuals in
the population must occur.
4. individuals in the population that are better
able to obtain resources must be more likely to
survive and reproduce.
200
An environment has areas of extreme heat and extreme cold, with not much in the middle. Overtime the species in each of these areas lose the ability to interbreed. What is this an example of?
sympatric speciation/disruptive selection
300
This is where crossing over occurs
synaptomal complex (kinda chiasma)
300
Parent A is Homozygous dominant while parent B is Heterozygous. What is the probability that their firstborn will look like parent A
1/2
300
What are the 3 things viruses are missing to be considered alive?
1. Selectively permeable membrane
• Protein capsid is not
regulate passage of substances in a similar manner
2. store/transmit information
• Viruses require host cell to replicate
genome and synthesize proteins
3. Ability to harness energy from the
environment
• Viruses require host cell for energy
300
In a population of 100 individuals, the gene for uglyness has two alleles: U (not ugly) and u (ugly).
The population consists of the following genotypes:
- 36 individuals with UU
- 48 individuals with Uu
- 16 individuals with uu
What would be the allele frequency for uggos in the population?
16%
300
Leafcutter ants and their cultivated fungal gardens demonstrates co-speciation. The ants rely exclusively on their fungal partners for food, while the fungi depend on the ants for dispersal and cultivation. Genetic studies show that as ant species diverged, their fungal symbionts also diverged in parallel.
What kind of speciation does this show?
co-speciation
400
When does crossing over occur?
Prophase 1
400
What kind of inheritance does this graph display?
Recessive inheritance
400
Describe the steps in the lytic cycle.
1. Phage injects linear DNA that
is turned into circular DNA
2. Phage uses host machinery
to replicate DNA and
synthesize viral proteins
3. New phage (progeny phage)
assemble, cells lyse (burst
open) and releases 100+
mature phage
400
What are the 5 conditions that need to be me to fulfill hardy weinberg?
1. There are no differences in the survival and reproductive
success of individuals in the population.
2. Population size is not changed by movement of individuals.
3. There are no mutations in the gene being studied in the
population.
4. The population is sufficiently large to prevent sampling
errors.
5. Individuals in the population mate at random.
400
Mules (a horse/donkey hybrid that cannot reproduce) is an example of what?
Hybrid sterility
500
What stage of meiosis is this?
Anaphase 2
500
In pea plants, the allele for yellow seeds (Y) is dominant over the allele for green seeds (y), and the allele for round seeds (R) is dominant over the allele for wrinkled seeds (r).
A pea plant that is heterozygous for both traits is crossed with another pea plant that is also heterozygous for both traits.
What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
What proportion of the offspring will have green and wrinkled seeds?
9:3:3:1
1/16
500
What is the smallest independent country in the world by area and population?
vatican
500
In a population of butterflies, the allele for blue wings (B) is dominant over the allele for white wings (b). A study finds that 36% of the butterflies in the population have white wings (bb).
Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium:
- What is the frequency of the b allele?
- What is the frequency of the B allele?
- What percentage of the population is heterozygous (Bb) for wing color?
Frequency of the b allele (qq): 60%.
Frequency of the B allele (pp): 40%.
Percentage of heterozygous individuals (Bb): 48%.
500
Different species of periodical cicadas emerge to mate in cycles of 13 or 17 years, depending on the species. What kind of reproductive isolation is this.
Temporal isolation