Justifications and Consequences
How much does the pharmaceutical industry claim it cost to develop a new drug that makes it to market?
$2.6 billion
What was the average monthly price of Trastuzumab in Germany during 2015?
$3,185.87
Which country has the highest spending on prescription pharmaceuticals per capita in 2013?
United States
What are the 2 market forces in the United States that allow drug companies the ability to maintain high prices?
1. Protection from competition
2. Negotiating power
What are anticompetitive strategies the federal government can begin?
Aggressively policing anticompetitive business practices (eg pay for delay, product hopping)
What is the coinsurance patients must pay for certain specialty drugs through private insurers?
20% and 33% of the total drug price
What was the average monthly cost for Insulin glargine in France during 2015?
$46.60
Which country is 5th in spending on prescription pharmaceuticals per capita in 2013?
Switzerland
How many states allow physicians to issue prescriptions that pharmacists cannot substitute with a generic product?
All states (50)
What are patenting strategies the federal government can begin?
Limit secondary patents for trivial changes of a patented molecule
How much were the total sales, research and development, and percent research and development compared to total sales for Teva in millions?
1. $20,272
2. $1,488
3. 7%
What was the average monthly cost for Sofosbuvir in the United States during 2015? (discounted price)
$17,700
Which country is 18th in spending on prescription pharmaceuticals per capita in 2013?
Estonia
What is the automatic guaranteed amount of time awarded by the FDA for initial regulatory exclusivity before a generic competitor can be sold?
5 to 7 years
What is at least one way the state government can limit the effects of high drug prices?
Convert permissive generic substitution policies to mandatory substitution policies
Eliminate patent consent requirements for generic substitution
Limit “carve-outs” that make it more difficult to substitute in certain clinical categories
Test value-based drug pricing and rational prescribing reimbursement models for Medicaid
What percentage of the 648 respondents to a 2015 poll reported that they or another family member did not fill a prescription due to cost?
A quarter (1/4)
What was the average monthly cost for Adalimumab in Germany during 2015?
$1,749.26
What was the average per capita spending for the other 19 advanced industrialized nations in 2013?
$400
What is the median length length of time of postapproval market exclusivity for widely used drugs? What is the maximum time allowed?
12.5 years
14 years
What is at least one way the state government can limit the effects of high drug prices?
Convert permissive generic substitution policies to mandatory substitution policies
Eliminate patent consent requirements for generic substitution
Limit “carve-outs” that make it more difficult to substitute in certain clinical categories
Test value-based drug pricing and rational prescribing reimbursement models for Medicaid
Nonadherence has been estimated to contribute how much in avoidable health care costs annually?
$105 billion
What was the average monthly cost for Trastuzumab in the United States during 2015? (non-discount price)
$5,593.47
What was the per capita spending on prescription pharmaceuticals for the United States in 2013?
$858
What is the only form of competition that is consistently and substantially decreasing costly prescription drug prices and how much has it saved the US health care system during the previous decade?
Generic drugs
$1 trillion
What can physicians do to understand the cost to their patients for prescription drugs?
Talk with them, communicate