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Horizontal movement (flat) side to side or back and forth are...
P-Waves
Which instrument is used to measure and record seismic vibrations?
Seismometer
Narrow regions where most of the earthquakes occur at is called a
seismic belt
What type of stress was occurring when students were squeezing the dodge balls?
Compression stress
What type of stress was happening when students were pulling the exercise band?
Tension stress
Movement in 2 directions BOTH side to side AND up and down describes
Surface Waves
What is the name of the record produced by the seismometer?
Seismogram
Which scale can be used to measure intensity and what is the range of that scale?
Modified Mercalli scale (1-12)
Earthquake prediction research is largely based on
Probability studies
In our classroom example, what kind of stress was the deck of cards showing?
Shear stress
What is ductile deformation
Stress causes strain that is PERMANENT → causing quakes
Which 2 scales can be used to measure magnitude?
Richter scale and the Moment magnitude scale
What 2 factors have helped scientists determine the composition of Earth’s mantle and core? Briefly explain each.
Meteorites – compare some external minerals to the Earth minerals
Seismic waves – used to determine liquid outer core and solid inner core
The focus
Amount of stress and strain from fault line is one factor that helps determine what?
The probability of an earthquake occurring
What is elastic deformation?
Stress causes strain BUT once stress is gone it goes back to normal
The amount of energy released during an earthquake is measured by its
Magnitude
The amount of damage done during an earthquake is measured by its
Intensity
History of earthquakes in certain areas is one of the things used to determine what?
The probability of an earthquake occurring
Seismic gap
Areas that were once active fault lines but are now INACTIVE = no earthquakes
What are the 3 types of stress and what are their strain patterns?
Compression - squeeze / push in
Tension - stretching / pulling apart
Shear - twisting
What are the 3 types of faults and which stress causes them?
- Reverse fault - compression stress
- Normal fault - tension stress
- Strike-slip fault - shear stress
How do you locate an earthquake? (what is used to find exact location)
Use the timing of seismic waves at different stations (AT LEAST 3 stations)
Which instrument measures horizontal or vertical motion during an earthquake and what is the name of the record it produces?
Seismometer produces a seismogram