HIGH YIELD 1
A 22-year-old woman presents with a sudden onset of lower abdominal pain and missed period. On exam: hypotension, abdominal tenderness, and positive β-hCG. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
A 55-year-old man has epigastric pain that improves with eating. Likely diagnosis?
Duodenal ulcer
An 8-year-old has a sore throat, fever, and “sandpaper” rash. What’s the most likely diagnosis?
Scarlet fever
A 60-year-old diabetic has a foot ulcer with bone exposure. Next best step?
Order MRI of the foot
A 32-year-old woman presents with new-onset fatigue, pruritus after hot showers, and headache. CBC reveals elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit. Peripheral smear shows normal morphology. Erythropoietin level is low. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Polycythemia Vera
What medication is the best initial treatment for status epilepticus?
Lorazepam (Ativan)
What electrolyte abnormality is associated with flattened T waves and U waves on ECG?
Hypokalemia
What murmur is associated with a widened pulse pressure and bounding pulses?
A woman with bipolar disorder is found to have tremor, polyuria, and confusion. Which medication toxicity is suspected?
Lithium
A patient with a history of chronic liver disease presents with confusion, asterixis, and elevated ammonia levels. What is the most appropriate initial treatment?
Lactulose
A 65-year-old man with a history of smoking presents with painless hematuria. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Bladder cancer
A systolic ejection murmur that radiates to the neck is most likely:
Aortic stenosis
Which condition is characterized by morning stiffness lasting more than one hour?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What is the diagnostic test of choice for pulmonary embolism in a stable patient?
CTA thorax
A 26-year-old woman presents with diplopia and ptosis that worsens throughout the day. She has difficulty chewing and weak extraocular muscles. Reflexes are normal. Which diagnostic test is most appropriate to confirm the suspected diagnosis?
Acetylcholine receptor antibody assay or edrophonium test
What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults?
What is the most likely diagnosis in a young woman with fatigue, cold intolerance, and weight gain?
Hypothyroidism
A 4-year-old has barking cough and inspiratory stridor. Diagnosis?
Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells are found in which type of anemia?
Iron deficiency anemia
A 48-year-old man presents with progressive back pain, weight loss, and normocytic anemia. Labs show hypercalcemia and elevated total protein. Peripheral smear shows rouleaux formation. What is the next best step in diagnosis?
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)
A patient presents with erythema migrans after a hiking trip. What’s the treatment?
Doxycycline
What is the first-line treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Beta blockers
What is the first-line antibiotic for uncomplicated cystitis in young women?
Nitrofurantoin
A patient has fever, sore throat, and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. Monospot test is positive. What’s the causative agent?
Epstein-Barr virus
A 65-year-old man presents with painless jaundice, weight loss, and a palpable, non-tender gallbladder. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Pancreatic cancer