Unit 1
Stem cells that can differentiate into all the cell types that make up an organism e.g. embryonic stem cells
Pluripotent
Part of an organisms life cycle that allows survival during periods when costs of continued normal metabolic activity would be too high
Dormancy
Secondary organism which allows the parasite to complete its lifecycle
Structural carbohydrate in cell walls derived from photosynthesis
Cellulose
Dormancy which allows survival in periods of high temperature or drought
Aestivation
DNA strand that is replicated in fragments
Lagging strand
Regulation of the internal environment, irrespective of the external environment, to create the optimum conditions for biological function
Homeostasis
Biological control
Term used to describe what is being taken into account when selecting treatments in field trials
Validity
Actions taken by effectors to return the internal environment to the homeostatic set point
corrective responses
Where genes are transferred between individuals in the same generation
Horizontal gene transfer
Circulatory system of amphibians and most reptiles that has two atria and one ventricle
Incomplete double circulatory system
This is increased to take into account the variation within a sample
replicates
Strategy between individuals in a primate social group used to increase social status
Alliance
A measurement of metabolic reactions over time
Metabolic rate
Temperature required to separate DNA strands during PCR
Between 92 and 98°C
Stage of glycolysis where ATP are used to phosphorylate intermediate molecules
Energy investment phase
Fixes carbon dioxide in the calvin cycle
RuBisCo
Measure of species richness and relative abundance
Species diversity
Stage of aerobic respiration involving a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that generate ATP and release carbon dioxide
Citric acid cycle
Non-coding region of RNA found in eukaryotic cells.
Intron
Reactions that build up large molecules from small molecules. These reactions require energy.
Anabolic
measure of the human ability to produce and use food
Inability of a species to evolve due to lack of genetic diversity
Bottleneck effect
Molecule which bind to the enzyme elsewhere than the active site but cause the shape of the active site to change, preventing the substrate from binding.
Non-competitive inhibitor