Key area 1 - The Structure of DNA
A phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar and a base
"What are the parts of a DNA nucleotide?"
Adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand
DNA Polymerase
Single stranded, Ribose sugar and uracil instead of thymine
"What is RNA?"
Regions of unspecialised cells in plants that can divide (self-renew) and/or differentiate into specialised plant cells.
"What are meristems?"
Hydrogen bonds
"What is the bond between complementary base pairs?"
Short strand of nucleotides required to start DNA replication
"What are primers?"
Has an anticodon (an exposed triplet of bases) at one end, and a specific amino acid attachment site at the other end.
"What is the structure of tRNA"
The process by which a cell expresses certain genes to produce proteins characteristic for that type of cell
"What is differentiation?"
Linear chromosomes wrapped around associated proteins called histones
"What is DNA organisation in eukaryotes?"
70 and 80°C.
The temperature range for heat tolerant DNA polymerase to replicate a region of DNA during PCR.
Introns are removed and the remaining exons are joined together to form the mature transcript
"What is splicing?"
Cells involved in the growth, repair and renewal of the cells found in that tissue.
"What are tissue (adult) stem cells?"
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
"What are structures that contain circular chromosomes in eukaryotic cells"
DNA template, primers, nucleotides, pH buffer and enzymes
The requirements for PCR
A region of DNA in a gene where transcription is initiated.
"What is a promoter?"
Many people believe that extraction of embryonic stem cells for research results in the destruction of the embryo and therefore a potential life.
"What is an ethical issue surrounding stem cell research?"
Circular chromosome and plasmids
"What is DNA organisation in prokaryotic cells?"
Cell division / Mitosis - ensuring that all genetic information is passed from parent cell to daughter cells and can carry out correct function
"What is the importance of DNA replication for organisms"
To produce proteins
"What is the purpose of gene expression"
Cells in the very early embryo can differentiate into all of the cell types that make up the organism.
"What is a pluripotent cell?"