General Child Development Knowledge
An orderly, integrated set of statements that describes behavior, explains behavior, and predicts behavior.
What is a theory?
This theorist came up with the bioecological systems theory, which views the child as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment (bidirectional)
Who is Urie Bronfenbrenner?
An emotional connection established between a child and his parent/primary caregiver.
What is attachment?
This score is a tally of different types of abuse, neglect, and other hallmarks of a rough childhood.
What is an ACE score?
Piaget believed this to be a cognitive or mental structure by which individuals intellectually adapt to and organize the environment
What is a schema?
This controversy asks whether genetic or environmental factors are more important as underlying causes of development.
What is nature versus nurture?
This is a term for how environmental influences—children’s experiences—actually affect the expression of their genes.
What is epigenetics?
Large head, round face, large eyes... it helps babies survive
What is the cuteness schema?
This is the body's response to lasting and serious stress, without enough support from a caregiver.
What is toxic stress?
Piaget believed during times of rapid cognitive change, children shift from assimilation to accommodation. It is an imbalance between assimilation and accommodation.
What is disequilibrium?
Generally considered a parenting style in which the parent is warm, responsive, attentive, and sensitive to the child’s needs
What is authoritative parenting?
This is a potentially harmful substance that can cause damaging effects during prenatal development
What is a teratogen?
Early emerging individual differences in characteristic patterns of emotional, behavioral, and motor responding
What is temperament?
During this arousal state, the child encounters something new. As long as newness is in appropriate amounts, the child can manage and can flow back and forth between calm and state of alert. Still has higher level thinking/can reflect
What is alert?
Vygotsky used this term to refer to how children can perform more challenging tasks when assisted as he believed challenging tasks promote maximum cognitive growth
What is the Zone of Proximal Development?
This five-stage model can be divided into deficiency needs and growth needs. The first four levels are often referred to as deficiency needs (D-needs), and the top level is known as growth or being needs (B-needs).
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
This is primarily a representational system that emerges as child’s cognitive skills scaffold understanding and organization of the world
What is language?
Development of movements related to large muscles such as legs, arms, etc.
What is gross motor?
Commonly referred to as the ability to overcome hardship.
What is resilience?
This theorist believed the id, ego, and superego contributed to the actions of a person.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
This is a set of mental skills that include working memory, flexible thinking, and self-control. We use these skills every day to learn, work, and manage daily life. Trouble with these skills can make it hard to focus, follow directions, and handle emotions, among other things.
What are executive functions?
An urban or rural area where the availability of affordable, healthy, fresh food is limited.
What is a food desert?
Involves temporal (development of an internal timing structure that allows us to recognize the relationship between time and movement), body awareness (understanding of the various parts of the human body, what they can do, and how they relate to other body parts), and spatial awareness (ability to understand how our bodies are oriented in our environment and how much space we occupy)
What is perceptual development?
Area of the brain used when child engages in learning, inquiry, and curiosity.
This theorist came up with what we call social learning theory, which proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others.
Who is Albert Bandura?