Kavod V'Oneg
According to the Rambam, what does kavod mean when reffering to shabbat?
Rambam- "אֵיזֶהוּ כָּבוֹד זֶה שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים שֶׁמִּצְוָה עַל אָדָם לִרְחֹץ פָּנָיו יָדָיו וְרַגְלָיו בְּחַמִּין בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת מִפְּנֵי כְּבוֹד הַשַּׁבָּת וּמִתְעַטֵּף בְּצִיצִית וְיוֹשֵׁב בְּכֹבֶד רֹאשׁ מְיַחֵל לְהַקְבָּלַת פְּנֵי הַשַּׁבָּת כְּמוֹ שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא לִקְרַאת הַמֶּלֶךְ. וַחֲכָמִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים הָיוּ מְקַבְּצִין תַּלְמִידֵיהֶן בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת וּמִתְעַטְּפִים וְאוֹמְרִים בּוֹאוּ וְנֵצֵא לִקְרַאת שַׁבָּת הַמֶּלֶךְ"
In short, it means to wash off and bathe in addition to wearing tzitzit and sitting in seriousness as if greeting the king.
What aren't you allowed to read?
mundane books - according to חבורות שבת.
What is the חובה of hadlakot nerot?
Tosfot says, the obligation is having candles (hence light) by your seudah because of oneg.
What category does Kiddush fall under?
The Talmud says it is Zachor- we remember the shabbat through wine. The P'ninei Halacha states that zachor is mitzva asei and that leads to remembering yitziat mitzrayim which also fills the space that shamor part of shabbat created in the first place.
Can we eat before davening? I'm absolutely starved i have no energy...
Talmud- "don't eat on blood" short for HECK NO!! It's beyond haughty and disrespectful to satisfy your needs before you greet Hashem.
What is one opinion of what Oneg on Shabbat is?
The Mishna Berura answers:
הנה עיקר מצות עונג שבת נתפרש לנו על ידי הנביאים וכמו שנאמר וקראת לשבת עונג ויש פוסקים שס"ל דעיקרו הוא מן התורה שהשבת הוא בכלל מקראי קודש שנאמר וביום השביעי שבת שבתון מקרא קודש וגו' ומקרא קודש פירשו חז"ל בספרא דהיינו לקדשו ולכבדו בכסות נקיה ולענגו בעונג אכילה ושתיה
to have a nice meal with good drink but to make sure its not a burden on you or somebody else- meaning don't be too extravagant if you cannot afford it. Be mindful throughout. It is for the sake of having delight on Shabbat not showing off etc.
What is Rambam's reason for not being able to read a letter or a menu etc.
Because you might come to erase something amd that is a Melacha.
"אָסוּר לִקְרוֹת בְּשִׁטְרֵי הֶדְיוֹטוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא כְּדֶרֶךְ חֹל וְיָבֹא לִמְחֹק. מוֹנֶה אָדָם פַּרְפְּרוֹתָיו וְאֶת אוֹרְחָיו מִפִּיו אֲבָל לֹא מִן הַכְּתָב כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִקְרָא בְּשִׁטְרֵי הֶדְיוֹטוֹת":
True or False: EVERYONE has to light candles- even if your poor!
Rambam says its not a mitzva that you do if you want rather its an obligation on everyone to have light in house during shabbat and if your poor you have to go ask around for oil because your still chayuv in it.
Why do we use wine and why is it ideal acc to d'rabanan?
The P'ninei Halacha says that we go 6 days rushing and working and when shabbat comes, the wine calm us and it is the reward of our work- we enjoy the rest. Additionally, Talmud Bavli says that wine and smells give wisdom to a person. lastly, many Mefarshim including Rambam Rashbam, and Malbim say its a chashuv drink hence it makes sense to have in on Shabbat.
What about water?
Shulchan Aruch holds that you can drink water.
The Malbim agrees and says there is no haughtiness in drinking water but if you were to start adding other things into it then it wouldn't be allowed because of haughtiness.
The Rashbetz disagrees and says you cant have anything... so there is a variety of opinions.
We paskim for the most part that we are allowed water and some say that if you say a couple berachot we can technically eat afterwards and then continue davening later.
True or False: According to Rambam the level of dress on shabbat is higher than chol hamoed but lower then yom kippur?
True. There are five levels of dress:
1. yom kippur
2. yom tov
3. shabbat
4. chol hamoed
5. chol/weekday
source: Rambam Hilchot Shabbat Perek ל
True or False: you can look at a letter that you dint know what is inside of it.
shulchan aruch says you can because it can potentially be something regarding pikuach nefesh.
Is it true a woman can be destined to die during childbirth if they do not do hafrashat challah, nidah, and HADLAKOT NEROT?
yes, according to talmud bavli.
something to think about- wait so if everyone is obligated why are woman punishable by death if we do not do it...
Rav Aviner Answer:
What is Chumar Medina? How does it fit into Kiddush?
The accepted practice of a place.
it fits into Kiddush because if you dont have wine available we can use the chumar medina most of the time. for example the rosh says if beer is the chumar medina were allowed to adapt to this.
Does this still apply if i need to take medicine?
no, you make a kiddush pre- davening if on shabbat and then the zman seudah for you is pre-davening says the Biur Halacha.
Piskei Teshivot says that you can eat and drink before but just don't be haughty about it. if its a snack don't make kiddush because its not your main meal but if its a meal then you need to make kiddush if on shabbat
What is the difference between Kavod and Oneg Shabbat?
Sefer Yirim says Oneg is physical enjoyment for oneself and Kavod is spiritual enjoyment for Hashem.
The Gra writes, Oneg is enjoying it on shabbat while Kavod is preparing for shabbat.
Can i study for my science test?
According to the Rashba it is permissible to learn things about refuah and science. so the answer is yes!
"Hot take"- women are slaves of the house...
explain...
According to Rambam, women are even more chayuv in nerot since we are slaves to house and a husband must be pressuring and be after the wife to complete the task.
Bereishit Raba says women is more obligated to light since we extinguished the light of Adam since we made him sin.
so in conclusion for better or for worse.. we do have a higher obligation in nerot.
Does Kiddush and Havdala have the same status in regards to what substance were allowed to use?
No.
here is a chart depicting the diffrences:
Kiddush night- yes wine, no chumar medina (acc do ikur hadin), yes bread
Kiddush day- yes wine, yes chumar medina, no bread
Havdala- yes wine, yes chumar medina, no bread
Do men and women both apply when it comes to this- are there any differences'?
Ben Ish Chai- men can drink in the morning since they're chayuv in davening but women cannot since they're not chayuv in kiddush meaning they need to make kiddush before they eat anything or drink anything other then water.
is lighting candles Kavod or Oneg?
It can be confusing since technically your preparing the house for shabbat by having light but also it can be oneg since your enjoying from the light on shabbat. Rav Tzadok offers an answer saying, the part of lighting istelf is L'kavod shabbat and the result of having candles on shabbat is oneg meaning it is both.
BONUS 1000:
What is Rambam's opinion about learning books of Aristotelian philosophy and other works like this if he says in his Mishna on shabbat that we can only read torah books.
Rav Aviner Answer:
The Rama says if a woman forgets to light shabbat candles one week she has to add an additional candle the next time fir the rest of her life.
huh? why? what is the point?
The לקוטי מהר'"ח states that its in order for your chilldren to bring more light into the home.
12 year old daughter - "mom im starving im having a snack (when they lit candles)"
what is the problem here?
The shulchan aruch says we cannot eat or drink because its asur!! if you started eating you must stop because its disrespecting kiddush and the seudah.
same goes for saturday morning according to rambam so its not only friday night.
other sources disagree with rambam- like the Raivid and the beit habechira.
they say that you should be allowed to eat before kiddush since the kiddush from friday night has nothing to do to that of satursday's.
Are there any leeway's for women to drink and eat in morning before kiddush/davening etc?
Pri Megadim) women can fullfill the obligation of tefillah on saying a bekasha since when she says this she will now become chayuv in davening and therefore has same status as man now.
Shmirat Shabbat Khilchta) women can have intent not to be yotzei in berachot then eat and then finish davening.