Mishnah Berurah
Why is shemirat Shabbos equal to all the mitzvoth?
Shabbos is the root of our emunahy- proof that Hashem created and continues to create the world
What are the different punishments in level of their severity?
-transgress an assei
-trangress a lo taasei
-kareis
-beit din- strangulation, sword, burning, stoning
כל המשמר את השבת כאלו מקים כל התורה והכל המחלל השבת כאלו כפר בכל התורה כלה
Anyone who keeps Shabbos is as if he has kept the whole Torah and anyone who disgraces Shabbos is as if he uprooted the whole Torah
what are some common misconceptions of the definition of melachah?
-physical labor
-employment
-technology
Define: 1) Av Melachah 2) Tolda
1) av melachah- te 39 main labors of the Mishkan
2) tolda- activities that were not necessarily done in the Mishkan, but fall under the category of an av elachah
Give one example from Tanach that illustrates
כל המשמר את השבת כאלו מקים כל התורה והכל המחלל השבת כאלו כפר בכל התורה כלה
Torah: “Until when are they going to refuse to keep my mitzvot and Torah?” “See that Hashem gave you Shabbos.”
Neviim “They rebelled against Me, BN”Y, in the desert, they didn’t go in my ways.” “they desecrated my Shabbos.”
Ketuvim “On Har Sinai You came down and You spoke with them.” “You told them about Shabbos.”
What is the punishment for one who desecrates Shabbos intentionally with witnesses and warning?
stoning/sekilah
explain how we understand the pasuk "לדעת חכמה ומוסר"
It is ineffective for one to learn the hussar without first understanding the chochma (halachot)
How do we derive the number 39 from this pasuk?
וַיַּקְהֵל מֹשֶׁה אֶת כָּל עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְקֹוָק לַעֲשֹׂת אֹתָם:
Eileh Hadevarim- eileh=36 plural devarim=2 ha=1
all together =36
What are the 6 conditions needed for a melachah to be considered a melechet machshevet?
kulo, gufo, shinuy, mitkavein, mikalkel, kiyum
Why, according to the Mishnah Berurah, is it so important to learn about Hilchot Shabbos?
one cannot properly observe Shabbos without learning the halachot very well and reviewing them
What is the punishment for one who desecrates Shabbos intentionally without witnesses and warning?
cares
אלמלא שמרו ישראל שתי שבתות מיד היו נגאלין
“If Yisrael would keep two consecutive shabbosim, immediately they would be readeemed…”
What is the machloket regarding what the 39 melachot activities correspond to?
-the melachot for the construction of the mishkan
-the melachot for the functioning of the mishkan
Define the 6 conditions needed for a melachah to be considered a melechet machshevet?
kulo- full melachah, gufo-for purpose done in mishkan, shinuy- (NOT in an) unusual way, mitkavein-intent for the melachah, mikalkel- (NOT in a) destructive manner, kiyum-lasting effect
what did the Mishnah Berurah do in order to make learning the halachot of Shabbos easier for us?
-brings sources from the Gemara
-brings the opinions of the rishonim and the conclusion of the achronim
-explain the background of the machloket surrounding the halacha and
-bring more contemporary topics that are relevant
What is the punishment for one who desecrates Shabbos unintentionally?
karban chatas
פסיק רישא ולא ימות
Refers to the scenario in Gemara when one wants a chicken head, but does not want the animal to die to which the Gemara says psik reisha vilo yamut- Can one sever its head without it dying?”
What are some consequences resulting from inadequate knowledge of Hilchos Shabbos? explain
-unnecessary transgressions-ways to do things in permissible way
-excessive stringencies- takes away from oneg
-confusing contradictions- won't understand why some things allowed and some not...
define chatzi Shiur, chatzi melachah and shnayim sheasu and bring examples for each
chatzi Shiur- not a full measure- wrote one letter
chatzi melachah- half a melachah- lifted but didn't put down
shnayim sheasu-two people doing a melachah usually done by one person- holding writing implement together, carrying a light load together...
What are some rewards associated with shemirat Shabbos?
Define- Chaya, patur and mutar
Chayav- liable (transgressed a melachah midioraisa) for either sekilah, kareis, or karbon chatas
patur- patur aval assur (midirabanan), intentional violation gets lashes
mutar- permissible
גופו. צריך שתהיה המלאכה שעשה, צריך לגופה. אבל מלאכה שא"צ לגופה, כגון החופר גומא וא"צ לגומא רק לעפרה (שבת דע"ג ב'), או שכבה נר, ולא מפני שחפץ בכבוי גופה שיהיה חושך, רק מפני שחס על השמן או על הפתילה שלא ישרפו (שבת כ"ט ב') וכדומה
Gufo- the melachah that you do needs to be for its own purpose (for the purpose it was done in the Mishkan). But a melachah that is not done for the purpose [that it was done in the Mishkan]. For example, one who digs up a ditch but he doesn’t need the ditch, he just wants the dirt (this is not boneh because the purpose of boneh in the Mishkan was to build a structure to use it), or one that extinguishes a candle and not for the purpose for extinguishing it [that was done in the Mishkan] for it to be dark, only because he wants to save the oil or the wick not to burn, and similarly.
Disprove the common misconceptions for melachah using practical examples
-moving heavy furniture is not melacha
-can go to work without violating melachah midioraisa
-we make use of technology on Shabbos through A/C, lights, heating...
Define psi reisha and give an example
a non melachah activity that UNITENTIONALLY but INEVITABLY results in a melachah