Basics
This religion aims to liberate the soul from the illusions, disappointments, and mistakes of everyday existence
What is Hinduism?
The Upanishads were philosophical commentaries on these ancient Hindu sacred texts
What are the Vedas?
Born in Nepal, he founded Buddhism
Who is Siddhartha Gautama?
According to the First Noble Truth, this is what fills all of human life
What is suffering and sorrow?
According to this religion, the world is created and destroyed in an endless cycle, over and over again
What is Buddhism?
This deity is considered the major god in Hinduism
Who is Vishnu?
These two religions emerged as a result of the Upanishads
What are Buddhism and Jainism?
Siddhartha encountered these four things, in order, when he first ventured outside the palace
What are an old man, a sick man, a corpse, and a wandering holy man?
According to the Second Noble Truth, this is the root cause of all suffering
What is selfish desire for the temporary pleasures of the world?
This is the name for the Buddhist religious order
What is the Sangha?
This figure is worshipped in Hinduism as a great Mother Goddess
Who is Devi?
The process of an individual soul being born again and again until moksha is achieved
What is reincarnation?
After leaving the palace, Siddhartha wandered through the forest for this many years before achieving enlightenment
What is 6?
According to the Third Noble Truth, this is the way to end all suffering
What is ending all desires?
These are the three key ways Buddhism differed from Hinduism
What are: no worship of multiple gods, rejection of Brahmin priests, and no caste system?
This concept determines life circumstances such as the caste one is born into, one's health, and one's wealth or poverty
What is karma?
To avoid harming any living creature, followers of this religion namely worked in trade and commerce
What is Jainism?
This specific event, that lasted 49 days, transformed Siddhartha into the Buddha
What is meditating under a fig tree?
Right Views, Right Resolve, Right Speech, Right Conduct, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration together make up this path, also called the Middle Way
What is the Eightfold Path?
Beyond missionaries, Buddhism spread globally largely through this
What is trade?
This is the term for the state of perfect understanding of the relationship between atman and Brahman
What is moksha?
This group supports the doctrine of nonviolence more strictly than any others
Who are Jain monks?
Many of the Buddha's early followers in northeast India, where Aryan influence was weaker, came from these two groups
Who are laborers and craftspeople?
In Buddhism, this is the term for the release from selfishness and pain
What is nirvana?
The Buddha's teachings, including manuals and sacred texts, were first written down during this century, shortly after his death
What is the first century BC?