Native American Removal
This mindset is what allows for American colonist to justify the taking of Native land, genocide of Indigenous people, and the removal of Indigenous people to reservations.
Bonus: logic of . . .
What is settler colonialism?
Bonus: logic of elimination
This was the idea that if Native tribes adopted European culture, a written language, education, participated in the slave trade, claimed private property, and rejected traditional practices then the US government would let them keep their land.
What is assimilation?
A pan Native American movement founded in 1783 by Joseph Brant that unified of the tribes of Ojibwe, Odawa, Illinois, Shawnee, Lenapi, Wabash, Miami, Potawatomi
Bonus: What were they fighting for?
What is the Northwest Confederacy?
Bonus: They were fighting to maintain Indigenous land by arguing that land could not be legally ceded without the agreement of everyone in the confederation.
This machine allowed cotton to be produced at faster rates and potentially increased cotton production in the American South.
Bonus: Who invented it and in what year?
What is the Cotton Gin?
Bonus: Eli Whitney and 1793
This is the belief that the United states has a divinely appointed mission to occupy all of North America ("from ocean to ocean from the Pacific to the Atlantic")
What is Manifest Destiny?
This document was the United States first attempt at creating a national government.
Bonus: how did this document structure congress?
What is the Articles of Confederation?
Bonus: Each state got one representative and one vote.
This was the idea that a women's role in government was to raise good citizens and uphold the civic virtue of the entire family.
Bonus: Why is this important?
What is Republican Motherhood?
Bonus: This regulated upper white class women to the private sphere even though they were being told they were affecting the public sphere by raising the next generation of patriots.
What is 7th?
This landmark court case decreed that Indigenous tribes should be dealt with as independent nations in 1832.
Bonus: Why is this important?
What is Worcester v. Georgia (1832)?
Bonus: This gave tribes the right to maintain a sperate political identity, forced tribes to be handled by the federal government (instead of with individual states), and is the basis for how we interact with native tribes today.
This Creek Chief was killed by his own people for illegally ceding land to the US government.
Bonus: What did this chief gain from betraying his tribe?
Who is William McIntosh?
Bonus: he built a hotel on the land that he gained after he sold his tribe's land.
This Shawnee chief was inspired by Native American prophet Neolin and advocated for cutting off all communication with white settlers, the revival of Indigenous culture, and the resistance of the US government and their removal policies.
Who is Tecumseh?
This ideal was promoted by Thomas Jefferson who wanted a nation of small farmers because he believed that it would lead to a more democratic society.
Bonus: What were 2 of the things that Thomas Jefferson also championed with this idea?
What is the Yeoman farmer?
Bonus: No manufacturing, no international trade, small scale farms, small government, and the masses should lead themselves.
These two Virginians and veterans of the Indian Wars explored the west studying the area’s plants, animal life, and geography.
Who is Meriwether Lewis and William Clark?
This was one of the first political parties in America. They advocated for a strong, centralized federal government, to establish a national bank and were pro-industry and modernization.
Bonus: Name a person from this party (that is NOT Alexander Hamilton).
What is the Federalist Party?
Bonus: John Jay, John Adams, or James Madison.
This Native American woman was the main scout and translator for the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
Bonus: How old was she on this expedition?
Who is Sacagawea?
Bonus: 15.
Fill in the blank: Many historians consider Jackson to be the first _____ president.
Bonus: Why do people call Jackson this?
What is people's?
Bonus: Because Andrew Jackson did not have formal schooling and didn't originally come from money.
George Washington earned the name "the town burner" for this military campaign in which he sent US soldiers during the American revolution to burn down 40 Iroquois villages resulting in the dislocation of 5,000 Native Americans.
Bonus: Why is this important?
What is Sullivan's Expedition (1779)?
Bonus: He depopulated regions in Ohio, Western Pennsylvania, West Virginia & Kentucky opening them to land speculation later after the US won their independence. The Iroquois in these areas had to flee to Niagra falls and buffalo and many starved or frozen to death because of inadequate supplies.
Name the two parties that came about during the Cherokee Removal process in the early 1800s.
Bonus: Name one person from either party.
What are Treaty Party and the Anti-Treaty Party?
Bonus: Major Ridge and Elias Boudinot were from the treaty party and Chief John Ross was in the Anti-Treaty Party.
This city-state was founded by Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa in 1808 with the goal of creating a Pan Native American movement. It united people from the Potawatomi, Kickapoos, Winnebago, Sauk, Ottawa, Wyandot, and Iowa tribe.
What is Prophetstown?
In 1786, Massachusetts farmers who were falling behind on their debts marched to the courts in order to prevent this.
Bonus: What is the name of this event?
What is seizure of land?
Bonus: Shay's Rebellion
This act allowed for the Missouri territory to become a state by bringing Maine in as a state and decreed that no new slave states would be allowed above the 36 degree 30’ line.
Bonus: Why did we need this law?
What is the Missouri Compromise of 1820?
Bonus: Because congress was worried about having an uneven number of slave and free states and giving a majority vote of either side.
This law, passed by Thomas Jefferson during his presidency, banned all U.S vessels from sailing and trading at foreign ports in an attempt to stop the impressment of US sailors.
Bonus: Why was this law deeply unpopular?
What is the Embargo Act of 1807?
Bonus: This law cuts off free trade and hurts small farmers who trade tobacco, rice, and sugar in foreign markets and US exports drop 80% by 1808.
This woman wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) which called for women to be educated because education would make women better wives and mothers.
Bonus: Why is she important?
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft?
Bonus: She is a huge inspiration for future feminists during the women's suffrage movement.
This was Andrew Jackson's campaign slogan.
What is Vote for Andrew Jackson who can fight, not John Quincy Adams who can write.
This treaty was the result of the Northwest Indian War (1785-1795) and forced the Northwest Confederacy to give up land in southern and eastern Ohio and Illinois.
Bonus: this treaty also established the annuity system. What is that and why is it significant?
What is the Treaty of Greenville (1795)?
Bonus: the annuity system grants yearly money to the tribes that institutionalized continuing government control over Native tribes. It undermines tribal authority and makes Native Americans reliant on the US government for things such as farming equipment, food, and other basic necessities.
Name a specific example of assimilation.
Sequoyah: Created the Cherokee syllabary in 1821 or The Cherokee Plantation in Fort Payne, AL.
30 Members of the Cherokee Treaty Party signed this document which sold Cherokee land to the US senate for 5 million dollars.
Bonus: What was the impact of this on the Cherokee nation?
What is the Treaty of New Echota?
Bonus: Three members of the treaty party were killed for breaking Cherokee law (John Ridge, Major Ridge, and Elias Boudinot) which started the Cherokee Civil War due to the Cherokee blood law (if you kill someone in my family then I need to kill someone in your family to avoid shame being brought upon my family)
This waterway is 363 feetlong and was dug out by hand. It connects New York to the Great Lakes by connecting Lake Erie and Lake Ontario to the Hudson.
Bonus: Why is it important?
What is the Erie Canal?
Bonus: It improved transportation times and allowed for easier interstate trade. It also turned New York into a port city and will allow for the rise of Chicago as a major city.
Name one of main goals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
1. study the area’s plants, animal life, and geography
2. figure out how to exploit the region economically
3. find a waterway to the Pacific
Name one critique of the Articles of Confederation.
Bonus: How did this limitation impact the American government?
The right to levy taxes, regulate commerce, and enforce laws were in the hands of the states.
Bonus: this made it impossible for the national government to make money and pay back their war debts leading to large amounts of money being printed which caused inflation.
These women, usually aged 15-35, were hired to work in textile mill factories specifically because they could be paid less since they weren't expected to provide for a family. Name 2 conditions of their work.
What are the Lowell Mill Girls?
Working conditions: 80 hour work weeks, strict moral codes, had to live in company housing, and had to attend mandatory religious services.
Name one of the two major changes in voting that allowed for Jackson to win his election in 1828.
1. Universal white male suffrage
2. Voters chose presidential electors NOT the legislators
This deadly journey pushed many Indigenous people off of their land towards reservations in the northwest in 1831.
Bonus: Why did so many people pass during this journey?
What is the trail of tears?
Bonus: Native Americans were forced to march in winter without adequate protection. They were also forcibly held in camps before the march where many people died.
What is the Chickasaw, Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, and Seminole?
This group was the upper creeks who during the Creek War (1813-1814) supported Tecumseh and were against assimilation.
Bonus: Who supported this group and why?
Who are the Red Sticks?
Bonus: They were backed by Spain and Great Britain because these two countries wanted to impede on the United States gaining land and power.
This phrase refers to the importance of cotton production in America after 1812. Also name two of the major impacts of cotton in America.
What is King Cotton? Cotton entrenches and intensifies slavery, shift the heart of slavery to the deep south, it allowed for cotton production mills to become popular in the North, and creates conflict with the Five Tribes (because planters want their land to grow cotton).
This land acquisition is how the United States gained the land from the Mississippi River to the Great Plains from the French. This acquisition was controversial. Why and how does President Jefferson justify it.
Bonus: How much did it cost?
What is the Louisiana Purchase? It was controversial because it was a huge overstep of Anti-Federalist ideals (who advocated for small government) since this is not outlined in the constitution and he doesn't get congressional approval. He justifies the purchase by saying it will give more land to the yeoman farmer.
Bonus: 15 million dollars
This United states foreign policy was introduced in 1823 and encourage US isolationism from Europe. Name one of the 3 main principles of this policy.
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
3 main principles:
1. U.S. would oppose any further colonization efforts from Europe in the Americans
2. U.S would refrain from getting involved in Europeans conflicts
3. Europeans should not interfere with the newly independent nations in Central and South American
She was a teacher, educator, and founded the Litchfield Female Academy in 1792.
Bonus: Why is she important?
Who is Sarah Pierce?
Bonus: She argued that women needed education to fulfill their roles as Republican Mothers.
This Battle that occurred during the War of 1812 was a stunning military victory for the United States Army. The white house was burned down during this battle and this battle is what allowed Andrew Jackson to rise to fame.
Bonus: When did this battle happen?
What is the Battle of New Orleans?
Bonus: Two weeks after the war of 1812 ended because we didn't have advanced communication technology yet.