Roman Empire
Who was the first Roman Emperor?
Augustus (Formerly Octavian)
What was the language of Islam?
Arabic
What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
Constantinople
Name two theories of why the crusades happened. Bonus if explain what it was.
"Second Son Theory," Pilgrimage, Reconquista, Peace of God movement, letter from the Byzantine Emperor.
Name one effect of the mixture of Roman and Germanic cultures.
Loss of cities, agricultural society, warrior elite, "Christendom"
What was the Pax Romana?
A period of Roman history with no civil war
Name the emperor that legalized Christianity and name the mandate for religious tolerance he issued.
Constantine, Edict of Milan
What is the Hippodrome?
The chariot racing arena
Name one of the Monastic fighting orders.
Templars and Hospitallers
What was the problem with partible inheritance?
Estates kept getting smaller.
Why did people join mystery cults? Name 2 reasons.
Specific to a god, initiation, secret knowledge, lack of personal connection with religion, sense of community, etc.
Name 2 appeals of Christianity.
Equality among Christians, connected to Judaism, no gender restrictions, salvation religion, control of your body, community, etc.
What is the difference between the Byzantine Empire and the East Roman Empire?
Nothing! Just the name
What is excommunication and what does it do?
Being cast out of Christendom, voids all oaths of fealty
Who sacks Rome in 410?
The Visigoths
Name two of Augustus's titles, and describe what they gave him power over.
Princeps(the Senate), Pontifex Maximus(Roman Religion), Pater Patriae(All of Rome, Pater of all paterfamilias), Imperator(Military)
Who started the top-down persecution of Christians?
Diocletion
Who did Justinian take North Africa from?
The Vandals
Which Pope excommunicated Henry IV?
Gregory VII
What is wergeld?
The monetary value of a Germanic warrior.
Which demi-god did Commodus often depict himself as?
Hercules
How were the first four caliphs chosen, and what does 'Calpih'?
They were related to Muhammad, Successor
Name two of the three main issues left after Justinian died.
Plague, no clear succession, broke from conquests.
Which Byzantine Emperor wrote to the Pope for help against the Turks?
Alexius I
Who originally succeeded Edward the Confessor as King of England?
Harold Godwinson