Reconstruction
The ___________ offered southerners amnesty, or official pardon, for all illegal acts supporting the rebel lion. To receive amnesty, southerners had to do two things. 1). They had to swear an oath of loyalty to the United States. 2). They also had to agree that slavery was illegal. Once 10 percent of voters in a state made these pledges, they could form a new government. The state then could be readmitted to the Union.
Ten Percent Plan
This amendment included the following provisions: 1). It defined all people born or naturalized within the United States, except Native Americans, as citizens.
2). It guaranteed citizens the equal protection of the laws.
3). It said that states could not “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.”
4). It banned many former Confederate officials from holding state or federal offices.
5). It made state laws subject to federal court review.
6. It gave Congress the power to pass any laws needed to enforce it.
Fourteenth Amendment
____________ or search for gold, along the banks of streams or in shallow surface mines.
Prospect
____________ is the name of the NYC mayor who controlled one of the largest political machines in U.S. history.
William "Boss" Tweed
A type of government in which private businesses run most industries and competition determines the price of goods.
Capitalism
The ___________ was an agency providing relief for freedpeople and certain poor people in the South. The Bureau had a limited budget to distribute food to the poor and to provide education and legal help for freedpeople. The Bureau also helped African American war veterans.
________________ are areas of federal land set aside for Native Americans. The government expected Indians to stay on the reservations, which made hunting buffalo almost impossible.
Reservations
____________ used pans or other devices to wash gold nuggets out of loose rock and gravel.
Place Miners
The amendment allowed Americans to vote directly for U.S. senators. Before the constitutional amendment was passed in 1913, state legislatures had elected senators.
Seventeenth Amendment
A type of government in which the government owns and operates a country’s means of production.
Socialism
___________ made it a federal crime to interfere with elections or to deny citizens equal protection under the law.
Enforcement Acts
The_____________ allowed the U.S. government paid Mexico $10 million. In exchange, the United States received the southern parts of what are now Arizona and New Mexico.
Gadsden Purchase
This is the year in which gold was discovered in California.
1849
__________ or remove, an official before the end of his or her term. If enough voters signed the petition, the vote took place. The official could then be removed from office if there was a majority of recall votes.
Recall
____________guaranteed a portion of lost wages to workers injured on the job.
Workers' Compensation Laws
___________ or sharing the crop. Landowners provided the land, tools, and supplies, and sharecroppers provided the labor.
Sharecropping
The _______________ was the first major treaty between the U.S. government and Plains Indians.
Treaty of Fort Laramie
____________ also known as aid organizations offered immigrants help in cases of sickness, unemployment, or death.
Benevolent Societies
______________ allowed voters to propose a new law by collecting signatures on a petition. If enough signatures were collected, the proposed law was voted on at the next election.
Initiative
This amendment banned the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverage throughout the United States.
Eighteenth Amendment
The court case determined that segregation was allowed, said the Court, if “separate-but-equal” facilities were provided. Among the justices, only John Marshall Harlan disagreed with the Court’s decision.
Plessy v. Ferguson
During this battle Sioux and Cheyenne forces led by Crazy Horse surrounded and defeated Custer and his troops.
The Battle of Little Bighorn
This law banned new immigrants to the United States from China for ten years. This was the first time a nationality was banned from entering the country.
Chinese Exclusion Act
______________ permitted voters to approve or reject a law that had already been proposed or passed by a government body. This process gave voters a chance to overrule laws that they opposed.
Referendum
This amendment granted women the right to vote.
Nineteenth Amendment