People
THIS Spanish conquistador led the conquest of the Aztec Empire, overthrowing Moctezuma II and capturing Tenochtitlán for Spain.
Who is Hernán Cortés?
THIS brutal leg of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade forcibly transported millions of sub-Saharan Africans across the ocean to the Americas.
What is the Middle Passage?
THIS fast, maneuverable sailing ship enabled long-distance exploration during the age of European imperial expansion.
What is the caravel?
THIS vast transatlantic transfer of plants, animals, and diseases followed Columbus’ voyages and reshaped global populations.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Based on Enlightenment rationalism, THIS economic system assumes self-interested individuals create public good without centralized control.
What is Capitalism?
THIS Enlightenment philosophe helped shape the Age of Democracy with his notion of “the social contract“ between ruler(s) and the ruled.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
European merchants and imperialists sought THIS chain of Southeast Asian islands, home to coveted nutmeg and cloves, during the so-called "Age of Exploration."
What are the Maluku or "Spice" Islands?
THIS spice, known for its red, waxy covering around the nutmeg seed, was among the most coveted goods of the Spice Islands.
What is mace?
THIS intellectual movement promoted human reason over superstition and helped undermine “Old Regime” values.
What is the Enlightenment?
THIS ideology fueled the creation of “imagined communities” and drove political unification movements in places like Italy and Germany.
What is nationalism?
THIS Japanese ruler oversaw the transition from the Tokugawa Shogunate to a modern, industrialized and imperial system.
Who is Emperor Meiji?
Created during the 1947 partition of British India, THIS country emerged alongside India after intense Hindu-Muslim conflict.
What is Pakistan?
THIS plantation crop drove European colonization in the Caribbean and was central to the rise of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.
What is sugarcane?
THESE mid-19th-century conflicts began after China seized large quantities of illegal drugs from British merchants in Canton, leading to the Treaty of Nanjing and a gradual loss of national sovereignty to foreign intrigue.
What are the Opium Wars?
THIS political system emphasizes free elections, civil rights, and representative government and became central to Western post–Cold War narratives.
What is Liberal Democracy?
THIS U.S. president delivered the 1918 “Fourteen Points” speech, outlining a vision for peace and self-determination after World War I.
Who is Woodrow Wilson?
Colonized by the Dutch and occupied by Japan, THIS country gained its independence in 1945.
What is Indonesia?
A major technology of the Second Industrial Revolution, THIS device allowed instant long-distance communication across continents.
What is the telegraph?
THIS series of British laws privatized open fields, forcing peasants off the land and into emerging industrial cities.
What are the Enclosure Acts?
THIS imperialist ideology claimed it was the duty of “civilized” Europeans to educate and uplift “savage races.”
What is the "White Man's Burden"?
THIS fascist dictator launched the 1935 invasion of Ethiopia, claiming that Italy deserved a “place in the sun.”
Who is Benito Mussolini?
THIS man-made waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea became a key shipping route for global capitalism.
What is the Suez Canal?
THESE defensive earthworks defined World War I, contributing to battlefield stalemate and the new psychological condition known as “shell shock.”
What are trenches?
THIS late-19th-century imperial land grab, formalized at the Berlin Conference, divided almost the entire African continent among European powers.
What is the Scramble for Africa?
THIS Cold War term classified nations the U.S. and U.S.S.R. sought to influence through proxy struggles.
What is the Third World?