Archaic Age Greece
Explain the rise of the archaic aristocracy.
-greek colonization
-8th C Renaissance
-Importance of good land and thetes (predatory loans)
Describe the Ionian Revolt.
-Aristagoras of Miletus
-Athens participation in burning down Sardis
-Put down by Persia; pretext for 1st Persian War
Explain Xerxes' motivation and planning for the 2nd Persian War.
-Son of Darius I, seeking revenge for defeat at Marathon
-5 years of planning/prep
-Hellespont bridges + Mt. Athos canal
Explain the causes and characteristics of the Athenian Empire.
-Delian League/origin in 2nd Persian War
-Athenian slavery
-Culture: marriage and family life
Write a brief description of aristocratic culture in Archaic Age Greece.
-Arete
-Aristocratic panhellenism (delphic oracle, panhellenic games, Xenoi vs. barbarians)
Give an overview of the 1st Persian War.
-Darius I motivations
-Mount Athos Storm
-Siege of Eretria --> Battle of Marathon
-Greek victory
Describe the Battle at Thermopylae.
-300 Spartans + 7k allies vs. Persian Immortals
-lasted 2 days; 2 brothers of Xerxes killed
-local betrayal; allies retreat, Leonidas' stand
Give an overview of the Peloponnesian War.
-Delian League vs. Peloponnesian League
-Sieges=total war; long walls
-Plague at Athens; Pericles dies, Sparta sues for peace- rejected
-Persian support; Alcibiades; Spartan victory
Describe the life of a typical Spartan man.
-exposure
-agoge
-blackballing/tremblers
-full spartiate at 30
Describe the events of the battle of Marathon.
-Persians land at Marathon, Athenians march to meet them
-Athens sends a messenger to Sparta asking for help; said no because religious festival
-Attacked at dawn; thinned center + flanking
-Persians retreated to ships -> Athenians marched 8 hours to Athens
-Decisive Athenian victory
Describe the Battle of Salamis.
-Naval battle; Greeks outnumbered
-Themistocles' trick: false message to Persia claiming Greeks were going to retreat, drew them into the narrow straits
-Xerxes withdrew, left behind 70k troops
Describe the intellectual developments in philosophy that occurred in 4th Century Greece.
-Sophists
-Socrates vs. Sophists; executed for "corrupting youth"
-Plato: forms, dualism
-Aristotle: empiricism
Explain the events that led up to the creation of Athenian Democracy.
-Draco
-Solon
-Pisistratid tyranny
Cleisthenes
Explain Athenian naval power.
-Themistocles 2x navy + fortified port
-Trireme
-importance of thetes
Explain the Greek victory in the 2nd Persian War and its aftermath.
-Battle of Plataea (last land battle)
-Battle of Mycale (destroyed Persian naval fleet)
-Delian League: Athenian leadership and campaign to free Thrace
Explain Spartan Hegemony.
-Spartan dominance after Peloponessian War
-Set up oligarchies, garrisons, asked for tributes
-Corinthian War->Spartan victory->Battle of Leuctra -> ended Spartan Hegemony