The Age of Enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers promoted this ideal, which held that humans and societies can continually improve over time.
What is progress?
This European nation was the first to engage in significant sea exploration along the coast of Africa in the 15th century.
What is Portugal?
Th theory posited that an imbalance of bodily fluids (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile) could lead to illness.
What is humoral theory?
This event in 1789 marked the start of the French Revolution when a crowd stormed a prison in Paris, symbolizing the tyranny of the monarchy.
What is the Storming of the Bastille?
Napoleon Bonaparte was born in 1769 on this island, which was occupied by the French one year before.
What is Corsica?
Enlightenment thinkers such Voltaire promoted this idea that opposed religious persecution by governments.
What is religious tolerance?
The name given to the trans-Atlantic voyage of enslaved Africans from Africa to the Americas.
What is the Middle Passage?
This term referred to the "bad air" believed to cause disease in crowded urban environments.
What is miasma?
Convened by King Louis XVI in May 1789, the meeting of this representative institution set the stage for the outbreak of the French Revolution.
What is the Estates-General of 1789?
This event took place on 9 November 1799, when Napoleon seized control of the French government, ending the French Revolution and establishing himself as First Consul.
What is the Coup of 18 Brumaire?
Enlightenment thinkers promoted the use of this type of knowledge, based on observation and reason.
What is empirical/scientific knowledge?
This island nation became independent after a successful revolution against France.
What is Saint-Domingue/Haiti?
By the end of the 18th century, mental illness began to be seen as a medical or social condition, leading to the establishment of more of these institutions.
What are asylums?
This document, passed by the National Assembly in 1789, outlined the natural rights of citizens and is a cornerstone of the French Revolution.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
During this military campaign conducted in 1796-97, Napoleon achieved a series of victories leading to the Treaty of Campo Formio and the establishment of the Cisalpine Republic?
What is the Italian Campaign?
This Enlightenment principle emphasized that people should be free to challenge political authorities without excessive censorship?
What is freedom of thought or freedom of expression?
In 1807, this country passed the Slave trade Act which abolished the slave trade, and eventually led to the abolition of slavery in their colonies in 1833.
What is Britain?
This was one of the few areas in which women could practice medicine during the eighteenth century.
What is midwifery?
This failed attempt by the royal family to escape Paris in 1791 shattered their credibility when they were caught and escorted back.
What is the Flight to Varennes?
In 1793, Napoleon was promoted to Brigadier-General after his performance as an artillery commander helped secure a crucial victory against royalists forces in this city.
What is Toulon?
Enlightenment thinkers argued that governments should protect people's natural rights to these three fundamental freedoms.
What are life, liberty, and property?
What are three primary crops grown on plantations in that relied heavily on enslaved labor.
What are sugar, tobacco, and cotton?
In the 18th century, hospitals often had these two problems, leading to high mortality rates.
What are poor sanitation and overcrowding?
This violent confrontation in August 1792 caused the deaths of nearly 600 guards and 200 protestors, and led to the arrest and abdication of Louis XVI.
What is the Journée of 10 August?
In this 1798 naval battle, the British fleet, commanded by Admiral Horatio Nelson, decisively defeated the French fleet, crippling Napoleon's campaign in Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean.
What is the Battle of the Nile?