From Republic to Empire
This leader created the legal structure of the Roman Empire while preserving the appearance of the Republic.
A) Julius Caesar
B) Augustus
C) Tiberius
B) Augustus
This emperor ruled cautiously and later retreated to Capri.
A) Claudius
B) Caligula
C) Tiberius
C) Tiberius
The basic self-sufficient military unit of the Roman army was called a:
A) Cohort
B) Legion
C) Phalanx
B) Legion
Roman aqueducts were primarily used to:
A) Transport troops
B) Bring fresh water into cities
C) Drain sewage
B) Bring fresh water into cities
Roman law introduced this legal principle still used today.
A) Trial by jury
B) Innocent until proven guilty
C) Habeas corpus
B) Innocent until proven guilty
In 27 BCE, Octavian received this title meaning “illustrious” or “semi-divine.”
A) Imperator
B) Princeps
C) Augustus
C) Augustus
This emperor was known for allegedly planning to make his horse a consul.
A) Nero
B) Caligula
C) Domitian
B) Caligula
Non-citizen soldiers who served Rome were known as:
A) Auxiliaries
B) Praetorians
C) Centurions
A) Auxiliaries
The Roman government provided free grain and entertainment as part of this policy.
A) Bread and circuses
B) Public patronage
C) Civic welfare reform
A) Bread and circuses
In 212 CE, this emperor granted citizenship to all free people in the Empire.
A) Caracalla
B) Domitian
C) Antoninus Pius
A) Caracalla
One major reform of Augustus ended this abusive tax system.
A) Tribute farming
B) Tax farming
C) Provincial tribute leasing
B) Tax farming
This emperor conquered Britain and expanded the Roman bureaucracy.
A) Claudius
B) Vespasian
C) Titus
A) Claudius
This elite unit was responsible for protecting the emperor and often influenced imperial succession.
A) Urban Cohort
B) Legionary Guard
C) Praetorian Guard
C) Praetorian Guard
At its height, enslaved people made up roughly this percentage of Italy’s population.
A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 40%
C) 40%
To serve in the imperial Senate, a man needed an annual income of:
A) 100,000 sesterces
B) 500,000 sesterces
C) 1,000,000 sesterces
C) 1,000,000 sesterces
Augustus gained unprecedented authority when the Senate granted him this power even within the city of Rome.
A) Permanent control over proconsuls
B) Religious supremacy
C) Consulship for life
A) Permanent control over proconsuls
Under this emperor, Rome reached its greatest territorial extent.
A) Hadrian
B) Trajan
C) Marcus Aurelius
B) Trajan
Roman soldiers could face this punishment for falling asleep on guard duty.
A) Flogging
B) Loss of pay
C) Execution by fellow soldiers
C) Execution by fellow soldiers
Roman cities in conquered territories were typically designed with:
A) Circular streets around temples
B) Grid-pattern streets centered on a forum
C) Random expansion based on geography
B) Grid-pattern streets centered on a forum
Under the Roman legal system, the ultimate source of law was:
A) The Senate
B) The Twelve Tables
C) The Emperor’s decrees
C) The Emperor’s decrees