The post-war world: politics and economics
This 1947 policy implimented by the USA, provided economic aid to post-war Europe, guaranteeing European trade with the USA and giving American companies investments and footholds into the emerging post-war European consumer market.
What is the Marshall Plan?
This phenomenon extended from the end of WWII to 1974 and is characterized by the recovery of Europe, a baby boom, and a consumer and technological revolution.
What is the Economic Miracle?
This wave of rebellions was initiated by multiple countries in Asia and Africa after the breakdown of the European imperial world postwar. One of its most famous figures is the Mahatma Gandhi of India.
What is decolonization?
The independent labor movement began in 1980, led by Lech Walesa and Anna Walentynowicz against the Polish communist party that had broad support from many Polish communists, Catholics, and intellectuals and received international attention.
What is Solidarity?
Winston Churchill used this term in 1946 to describe the political and ideological barrier created by the USSR after WWII that bisected Europe into east and west.
What is the Iron Curtain?
This French blonde bombshell is a symbolic figure of the postwar sexual and consumer revolutions.
Who is Brigitte Bardot?
A proxy war between East and West, this war was a conflict after decolonization between the socialist North Vietnam led by Ho Chi Minh and the USA-supported South Vietnam. The war is known for guerilla warfare, the use of chemical weapons like Napalm, and war crimes committed by American soldiers. This war fueled the American and world anti-war movements and was "lost" by the United States.
What is the Vietnam War (1956-1975)?
This is a British conservative ideology is named after its most famous figurehead and touts limited government, free market, the privatization of nationalized industry, and the personal values of individuality and self-determination.
What is Thatcherism?
This kind of government emerged to serve post-war recovery in Europe by promoting consumption, jobs, and increasing the birth rate through social safety nets and subsidies.
What is a Welfare State?
This style, created by Dior, was arguably manifestation of both the sexual revolution and the restoration of traditional gender roles. Featuring pinched waists, tight bodices, and large skirts reminiscent of the 19th century and its separate spheres, by making extreme the differences between men and women's bodies it reinforced the gender binary and gender roles.
What is the "new look"?
Migrants from formerly colonized countries who emigrated to Europe in the 1970s, often permanently, as unskilled laborers as European workers embraced employment in the tertiary sector. These migrants are often faced with labor exploitation and the threat of racist violence even as they makeup a crucial part of European economies and supply chains.
What are Guest Workers?
Who is Mikhail Gorbachev?
This organization was created in 19521 to integrate European heavy industry into a common market. It was countered by the USSR with COMECON.
What is the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)?
This was the pseudonym of Daniel Cohn-Bendit, the leader of the student revolutions of 1968 in France.
Who is "Danny the Red"?
This North African revolution is remembered by its guerilla warfare and violent suppression of combatants and civilians by the French government from 1954-1962 that led to the independence of this new nation.
What is the Algerian Revolution (French Algerian War 1954-1962)?
This new stage of a movement took place amid the sexual revolution and the post-war reinforcing of gender roles was characterized by the invention of birth control, the women's liberation movement, thinkers like Simone de Beauvoir and Betty Friedan. The movement questioned the perceived inherent nature of gender roles and pushed for the dissolution of gendered spheres and lesser pay for women workers.
What is second wave feminism?
This economic crisis marked the end of the Economic Miracle, sparked by the creation of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and its quadrupling of the price of oil.
OPEC Oil Crisis of 1973.
This event took place in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic as part of the wave of rebellions and revolutions of 1968 against the USSR and the authority of the Warsaw Pact. Mass protests of demonstrated the ideology and political potential of the New Left.
What is the Prague Spring?
This anti-colonial nationalist figure helped to secure Indian independence from Britain and popularized non-violent protest (or "civil disobedience") that would go on to be used in the American civil rights movement.
Who is Gandhi?
This Czech playwright and politician was elected after the country's "Velvet Revolution" in 1989.
Who is Vaclav Havel?