Functions & Structure of the Skin/ Dermis & Hypodermis
Which of the following is not a function of the skin?
A. Vitamin D synthesis
B. Nonverbal communication
C. Blood cell production
D. Thermoregulation
C — Blood cell production
Name the five layers of the epidermis in order from deep to superficial.
Deep → Superficial:
What type of sweat gland becomes active at puberty and secretes thicker, fatty‑acid‑rich sweat?
Apocrine sweat glands
Which tissue type contains excitable cells specialized for rapid signaling?
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Nervous
D. Muscular
C — Nervous tissue
List the four shapes or classifications of simple epithelial tissues.
Four simple epithelial types:
Thick skin contains all the following except:
A. Sweat glands
B. Hair follicles
C. Stratum lucidum
D. Sebaceous glands
B — Hair follicles
Which epidermal cell type is responsible for phagocytosis and immune surveillance?
Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
What is the function of guard hairs (vibrissae)?
To protect openings like nostrils and ears; block foreign particles
Which connective tissue type contains chondrocytes in lacunae?
A. Dense regular
B. Hyaline cartilage
C. Loose areolar
D. Adipose
B — Hyaline cartilage
What type of epithelium lines the trachea and contains goblet cells?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
The layer that contains adipose tissue, blood vessels, and helps with insulation is the:
A. Epidermis
B. Dermis
C. Hypodermis
D. Stratum basale
C — Hypodermis
Why do cells above the epidermal water barrier die quickly?
They are cut off from nutrients by the epidermal water barrier and die.
Sebum is produced by:
A. Apocrine glands
B. Merocrine glands
C. Sebaceous glands
D. Ceruminous glands
C — Sebaceous glands
The tissue type responsible for voluntary movement is:
A. Cardiac muscle
B. Smooth muscle
C. Skeletal muscle
D. Reticular tissue
C — Skeletal muscle
Transitional epithelium is found in which organ?
A. Esophagus
B. Small intestine
C. Urinary bladder
D. Trachea
C — Urinary bladder
The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of:
A. Dense irregular connective tissue
B. Areolar tissue
C. Stratified squamous epithelium
D. Adipose tissue
B — Areolar tissue
Melanocytes are located in the:
A. Stratum corneum
B. Stratum basale
C. Stratum spinosum
D. Stratum granulosum
B — Stratum basale
Nails are a modification of which epidermal layer?
A. Stratum basale
B. Stratum granulosum
C. Stratum corneum
D. Stratum spinosum
C — Stratum corneum
Which connective tissue stores energy, insulates, and provides cushioning?
A. Dense regular
B. Adipose
C. Areolar
D. Hyaline cartilage
B — Adipose
Which epithelial tissue type is specialized for rapid diffusion of gases in the lungs?
A. Simple cuboidal
B. Simple columnar
C. Simple squamous
D. Stratified squamous
C — Simple squamous
Stretch marks (striae) result from tearing of collagen fibers in the:
A. Epidermis
B. Papillary layer
C. Reticular layer
D. Hypodermis
C — Reticular layer
The stratum lucidum is found only in:
A. Thin skin
B. Thick skin
C. Hairy skin
D. Cutaneous glands
B — Thick skin
Which gland is responsible for producing earwax (cerumen) by combining its secretion with sebum and dead epithelial cells?
A. Sebaceous glands
B. Ceruminous glands
C. Apocrine glands
D. Merocrine glands
B — Ceruminous glands
Fibrocartilage is found in the:
A. Ear
B. Trachea
C. Intervertebral discs
D. Nasal septum
C — Intervertebral discs
What type of epithelial tissue is found in glands and their ducts, and functions in secretion and absorption?
Simple cuboidal epithelium