I spy...
slide 1
Osteon
What are the primary cells involved in bone formation?
osteoblasts and osteoclasts
There are 3 types of cartilage, that can be distinguished: name all 3 of them and state which one is most common
hyaline, elastic, fibrous
Slide 2
perichondrium
chondrocyte
extracellular matrix
The parietal bone of the skull forms via which type of ossification process?
intramembranous ossification
give us 2 functions of cartilage
providing elastic, malleable support and firmness
connecting bones
forming articular surfaces
allowing growth of long bones
slide 3
The chondrocytes are all neatly in order and are separated by larger regions with dense collagen and fibroblasts with elongated nuclei
What is the primary function of osteoclasts?
they break down the bone tissue
Cartilage cells, also known as ... are often clustered in ... surrounded by ...
chondrocytes, lacunae, extracellular matrix
slide 4
Haversian canal
What do active osteoblasts secrete and what happens after secretion?
Osteoblasts initiate the ossification process by secreting osteoid
how are cartilage cells supplied with nutrients?
Cartilage contains NO blood vessels, lymphathic vessels or nerve fibres --> instead they get their nutrients from capillaries in the surrounding connective tissue (perichondrium)
slide 5
elastic cartilage, those darker strands are elastin fibres
What is the difference between bone formation in long bones versus flat bones?
Long bones primarily undergo chondral ossification, where a cartilage template is gradually replaced by bone.
Flat bones undergo intramembranous ossification, where bone forms directly within a connective tissue membrane.
Explain how the breakdown of .... leads to osteoarthritis
due to breakdown of proteoglycans (found in ECM), the water volume also decreases, which leads to cartilage becoming less resilient which makes the collagen sensitive to degradation --> underlying bones may rub against each other due to loss of cartilage and cause pressure leading to an inflammatory reaction