Functions
Support
bones provide framework for muscles
ribs, scapula, sternum
Flat bones
Anatomy: thin semi-curved bones
Physiology: attachment point for muscles
outer layer of the bone, site for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and tendons
periosteum
Only bone cell type that can undergo mitosis
osteogenic
Remodeling, what is it?
process of repeated bone formation/deposition and bone resorption to renew and reshape bones through adulthood
Facilitate movement
skeletal muscles contract pulling on bones allowing movement
Humerus bone, femur bone, fibula, tibia
Long bones
Anatomy: longer than they are wide
Physiology: leverage, hold body weight
membrane lining of the center of the bone. Site for bone growth, repair, and remodeling
endosteum
"immature" bone cell, bone formation, release osteoid (ground matrix), derived from osteogenic cell
osteoblast
Lengthwise growing usually stops when?
10-25 years of age
Creates blood cells
red bone marrow produces erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
Patella
Sesamoid bones
Anatomy: small round
Physiology: protect tendons from stress
Allows bone growth
Mass made up of hyaline cartilage
epiphyseal plate
"mature" bone cell, maintains bone, bone CELL
osteocyte
Do bones still grow in width after longitudinal growth has stopped?
Yes
Protects visceral organs
ribs protect lungs and heart
Facial bones (mandible, zygomatic), sacrum, vertebrae
Irregular bones
Anatomy: non-uniform, irregular shaped bones
Physiology: protect visceral organs
covers/protects joint surface
mass made of hyaline cartilage
articular cartilage
bone resorption (old, injured, unnecessary)
osteoclasts
What would happen if osteoclasts/osteoblasts out perform one another?
over active osteoclasts lead to porous, brittle bones which can cause breaks
over active osteoblasts lead to thick and dense bones which can cause breaks
Stores and release mineral and fat
Yellow bone marrow stores adipocytes
can release minerals like phosphorus and calcium
carpals, tarsals,
Short bones
Anatomy: short, cube-like long as they are wide
Physiology: support, stability and some movement
Epiphyseal plate vs. Epiphyseal line
plate - allows growth
line - bone has completed growth; will not grow lengthwise
osteogenic - mitosis - osteoblasts - release collagen matrix and calcium salts - matrix calcifies - osteocyte
osteoclasts - Breaks down - HCl breaks down mineral, releasing Ca and PO43- - Enzymes break down collagen
define ossification and describe the two types
the process of bone development
Endochondral ossification develop in hyaline cartilage and give rise to most of the bones in our body
Intramembranous ossification develop in the mesenchyme (embryonic form of bone) and give rise to flat bones, clavicle, and mandible