The Body in Culture and Power.
Scollons' analysis of crossing streets in cities
Which are street signs and regulations create a semiotic aggregate
The online-offline nexus
a term used to describe the fusion of online and offline dimensions of social life in actual practice.
Transcending the danger of localism and anecdotism in ethnography
What is theorization of embodiment in the notion of ‘the historical body’, and by a theorization of space as agentive and non-neutral
The problem that the National Interagency Fire Center approached the Scollons
poor cross-cultural communication between the heads of forest fire-fighting crews and their men
Enskilment
Enskilment is learning skills through cultural interaction.
Zebra crossing has rights and obligations.
What is Zebra crossing creates a historical micro-space order.
The relationship between technology and discourse
Inseparable. Change in technologies of discourse = change in discourse itself
The main criticism of ethnography
What is lacks theoretical and methodological sophistication and relies too heavily on subjectivity
The solution that Ron Scollon provided during his training
Training in both cross-cultural communication and a short piece on fire ecology, ignited the discussion among the fire managers.
Enskilment and ethnographic fieldwork
Observe enskilment through immersion, interviews, and analysis.
The historical body, and its importance
The historical body refers to the ways in which bodies have been understood, experienced, and represented throughout history.
"Synchronic" analysis impacts generalizations across disciplines
"Synchronic" analysis in science abstracts social reality
The problem of ethnography by Johannes Fabian
Ethnography uses real encounters for data. Contextual sharedness lost when presented as 'science'.
The problem with Nokia's phones in Hong Kong and Guangzhou
Ringers designed for quiet, unheard in noisy cities.
Enskilment, and its relation to semiotics and embodiment
What is learning meaning through social and bodily practices
Different cultures understand and represent the body differently
Different cultures have unique understandings and representations of the body, which can be influenced by a variety of factors, including religion, history, and geography
Nexus Analysis
method that aims to map the relation among text, action, and the material world through a historical analysis of three different discourses: discourses in place, the interaction order, and the historical body
The "denial of coevalness" and its effect on the validity of ethnographic claims to generalization
Loss of time-space impedes ethnographic validity.
Enskilled historical body
What is enskilled historical body interacts with space and order
The relationship between the historical body and power
The historical body is closely linked to power, as ideas about the body have been used to justify and reinforce social hierarchies, such as those based on race, gender, and class
3 stages of nexus analysis
1. Engaging. 2. Navigating. 3. Changing
Pitfalls of enskilment
Enskilment risks individual focus, overlooks wider context