Independence Movements (India & Vietnam)
This term describes the intense loyalty and devotion to one’s country, serving as the main driving force behind independence movements in India and Vietnam.
What is Nationalism?
Gandhi encouraged Indians to practice this term, meaning "truth-force" or non-violent resistance, to oppose British injustice.
What is Satyagraha?
This American General was named the Supreme Commander of Allied Powers (SCAP) to lead the reconstruction of Japan.
Who is Douglas MacArthur?
He was the founding father of the People's Republic of China and the leader who implemented the Great Leap Forward.
Who is Mao Zedong?
This U.S. policy aimed to stop the spread of communism into new areas, often leading to military involvement in foreign nations.
What is Containment?
While India gained independence primarily through nonviolent, civil disobedience, Vietnam's independence movement in this 1945-1946 war was characterized by this approach.
What is violent (or guerrilla/armed struggle)?
Gandhi utilized this specific, peaceful tactic—going without food—to protest poor conditions and bring international attention to his cause.
What is fasting?
The United States mandated this type of government for Japan, removing power from the military and creating a constitutional monarchy.
What is a democracy?
This 1958-1962 initiative sought to rapidly industrialize China through collective farming, but instead caused a massive famine resulting in 15-55 million deaths.
What is the Great Leap Forward?
This theory suggested that if one country in Southeast Asia fell to communism, surrounding nations would soon follow.
What is the Domino Theory?
This leader, often called "Uncle Ho," led the Viet Minh League to fight against French rule, utilizing a communist-driven nationalist movement.
Who is Ho Chi Minh?
This US civil rights leader was heavily influenced by Gandhi’s nonviolent strategies.
Who is Martin Luther King Jr.?
This specific, massive economic reform aimed to break up large business conglomerates that controlled the Japanese economy before and during the war.
What is the dismantling of the Zaibatsu?
This 10-year, chaotic movement launched by Mao was intended to enforce communist ideology and eliminate "old" cultural elements through the use of Red Guards.
What is the Cultural Revolution?
This 1949 collective defense alliance was formed by Western nations to counter Soviet expansion.
What is NATO?
A major cause of Indian independence was this event, a 1930 protest against British taxes, which acted as a catalyst for mass civil disobedience.
What is the Salt March?
This specific economic action, urged by Gandhi, encouraged Indians to stop buying British goods, aiming to cripple the colonial economy.
What is a boycott?
The 1947 constitution created this new legislative body, reducing the emperor to a symbolic figurehead.
What is the Diet?
These groups of students, armed with "The Little Red Book," were tasked with attacking anyone suspected of opposing Mao's communist vision.
Who are the Red Guards?
This term described the strategic, non-military, and military efforts of the US to stop the spread of communism.
What is containment?
The 1947 division of this subcontinent into two separate nations—India and Pakistan—followed the withdrawal of British power and highlighted major religious tensions.
What is the Partition of India?
Gandhi’s philosophy specifically emphasized re-instating this concept, aiming for a society where human rights are prioritized and the individual is central.
What is human dignity?
While the U.S. initially intended to demilitarize Japan, the rise of the Cold War changed the goal to turning Japan into an anti-communist one of these.
What is an ally?
This 1989 event saw a violent government crackdown on students protesting for democratic reforms in Beijing.
What is the Tiananmen Square incident?
This city in Germany became a major hotspot of the Cold War and the site of a 1948 airlift.
What is Berlin?