Chapter 9
What years are considered the Antebellum period
1820-1860
What year did the Missouri Compromise happen
1820
When did the 13th Amendment Pass and what was it’s purpose
Ratified 12-6-1865, and it abolished slavery in all of the United States
What is a Bourbon Democrat?
Democrats that did not accept the changes of the Civil War, they were named for a reference to the French Bourbon Kings that tried to reverse the rights of the Common people after the French Revolution
Which Supreme court case set the rules for “Separate but Equal”
Plessy vs Ferguson
Why was prohibition less accepted and enforced in South Louisiana than in North Louisiana
N La was more conservative and S La had catholic roots
Compare Foreign French to the Acadian.
What two states came into the Union due to the Missouri Compromise? What condition were they in
Maine was a free state, Missouri was a slave state this was to balance the free/slave states in the Union
What was the purpose of the 14th Amendment and when did it pass?
Ratified 7-9-1868 - it said that any person born or naturalized in the United States is a citizen and has the rights of a citizen, no state may make a law that prevents a citizen from having all of his or her rights
What was the Louisiana Lottery Company and why was their charter a bad deal for the state?
The LLC was highly corrupt lottery company that operated in LA. They had a 20 year charter that began in 1868 and only paid the state $40k a year even though their revenue was 20-30 million a year, they paid off politicians
How many people are listed as victims of mob violence - especially lynching between 1882 and 1952
391
What is the Public Service Commission
Independent State Agency that regulates LA public utilities and motor carriers
The only person from Louisiana to serve as President
Zachary Taylor from 3-4-1849 to 7-9-1850 (he died) 11th President
What are the Five parts of the Compromise of 1850?
California was a free state
Utah and New Mexico would decide on slavery themselves
Texas got new borders
Fugitive Slave Act was passed
Washington DC Slave trade became illegal
What was the 15th Amendment and when did it pass
Ratified 2-3-1870 - It gave former slaves( only males) the right to vote
What was the Crescent City Democratic Organization better known as?
THe New Orleans Ring
What is a poll tax?
Yearly Tax used to prevent blacks from being able to vote
What natural disaster affected a large portion of the State in 1927? How did the disaster help Huey P Long Gain popularity
The Flood of 1927, he promised relief to all those affected
What is an Overseer
Hired white men that served as slave managers and working operations of a plantation
What was the Fugitive Slave Act
Allowed owners to retrieve runaway slaves even if they were in a free state
What years are the Reconstruction?
1865-1877
Why did the Louisiana Lottery get positive press coverage in New Orleans but not in other cities
They spent a lot of money in NOLA so the newspapers were pressured to support it
What is a grandfather clause
A law that gave the right to vote to someone if their grandfather was eligible to vote before 1867 - which excluded most people in the black community.
How did Huey P Long help public schools after becoming governor
He gave them free textbooks
What was the role of the slave master’s wife and other women in the family at a plantation
To run the household and show hospitality to guests.
Why didn’t Northerners like the Fugitive Slave act
It required all citizens to help track down runaways slaves even if they were against slavery
Why did Congress refuse to recognize or seat new delegation for the reconstructed Louisiana
The new LA constitution of 1864 did not give the right to vote to men of color (completely going against the 14th amendment)
What is Patronage?
THe power for public officials to give jobs or provide other help to people as a reward for their support
How did the poll tax and the grandfather clause prevent black people from being able to vote
Black community usually did have jobs that paid enough for them to afford the poll tax and the since most black people were slaves in 1867, their grandfathers were not allowed to vote
Who did Huey P Long put in charge of the Highway Commmission? Why
OK Allen because they were childhood friends.
What are the slave quarters
Small shack like homes slaves were forced to live in on plantations
Who wrote Uncle Toms Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe
What was the Mechanics Institute Riot and when did it occur?
200 former slaved marched to the MI to show support for the Republicans meeting there but the Democrats who were mainly police and firemen blocked them and there was a fight 37 people died, only 3 of which were white Republicans - all others were black and no one was charged. Happened on July 30, 1866 in NOLA
What state position did E.A. Burke have?
State Treasurer from 1878-1888
What is sharecropping
A planter would rent a portion of his land to farmer who agreed to raise a cash crip, in return the landowner got. Cut of the profit and the farmer got a small house and some profit
What was the problem with the roads HPL approved
They were of poor quality but very expensive, more expensive they should have been - Long and his friends were stockholders in the company building the roads
Why was most slave culture passed down in oral traditions
It was illegal to teach slaves to read - if they couldn’t read they couldn’t spread ideas about freedom
Which State was the first to succeed from the Union?
South Carolina 12/20/1860
How did people outside of Louisiana react to the MI riot
How was Burkes political career surround in corruption
He fled to honduras after embezzling money and was never charged.
What is a debt peonage?
Cycle of poverty where a sharecropper is unable to get out of debt Because the only place he can get supplies was through overpriced company stores
Wha this the deduct box and how was it controversial sal
State employees would give 10% of their salary in cash to long in order to support his political organization. Long would mix this money with other contributions so it was difficult to tell where it was coming from
Why were certain parts of the bible omitted for slaves
The book of Exodus was removed because it mentioned the slaves leaving Egypt.
Texas
Louisiana
Mississippi
Alabama
Georgia
South Carolina
Florida
What were the four pieces of legislation that made up the Reconstruction Acts
- Ratifying the 14th amendment
- Register former slaves and other men of color to vote
- adopt a new constitution
- elect a new government
What is the convict lease system
The state would lease prisoners to private businesses for very low prices, the prisoners did not get any money earned
What was the Farmers Alliance?
Similar to a union this was a group of farmers that woraked toward bettering the conditions of laborers
How did Long get a new Governors mansion built?
He tore down the old one without permission and demanded a new one be built
What law was passed in 1830 that discriminated against free people of color
Any free people of color who moved into Louisiana after 1825 were required to leave, so it kept the population of free blacks lower to discourage free black culture - it was hard to enforce.
Why was the Civil War called a rich mans struggle but a poor mans fight
The rich were able to pay others to go to war for them but he poor were unable to and were forced to fight -some rich slave owners were exempt from being required to go - (also the whole war was basically because the rich guys wanted to stay rich by using slave labor and The actual soldiers didn’t have much stake in the slave trade)
How many military districts were created during reconstruction? What district was Louisiana in?
There were 5 districts - LA was in the 5th district
What happened to many of the convicts in the Lease system
They were treated poorly, tortured and some were worked to death.
Which crop increased drastically during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s
Rice - grown in SW LA
Something that has been done that cannot be undone
What is Order NO. 28
It prevented the women of NOLA from treating the Union soldiers disrespectfully, if convicted they were treated as criminals with fines or Jail Time
Who was the first black person elected to a statewide office in Louisiana? What office was it
Oscar J. Dunn was elected as Lt Gov of Louisiana in 1868
What was a James Gang?
Similar to an overseer on a plantation, these men worked the prisoners, sometimes to death, and starved them
What is populism
Belief in the rights wisdom or virtues of the common man
How did Long Avoid being impeached
He convinced 1/3 of the state senators to remain loyal to him through bribery or force
Who was accused of shooting Huey P. Long? And what happened to him
Car Wiess was documented as his killer but thats debated to this day - he was shot over 60 times by Long’s bodyguards.
Describe the Anaconda Plan
Union strategy to squeeze the Confederates into submission by controlling the Mississippi River and isolating forces west of the river - this would split the SCA into two and weaken them
What was the Knights of Camellia
A paramilitary hate group focused on preventing slaves from voting
How was the convict lease system just a way to have slavery again?
The prisons system was designed to unfairly incarcerate black men and women for petty crimes or often crimes they didn’t even commit, just to feed into the Convict lease system
Who was Searman A Knapp and how did he boost LA‘s economy
Came to LA from Iowa and shared his knowledge of rice farming and encouraged people from Iowa to move to LA and farm Rice
What was Bloody Monday?
A fist fight broke out on the Senate floor on the last Monday in March.
Who took Long’s seat in the Senate after his death?
His wife, Rose
How many days was Port Hudson under siege? Why was this significant
48 days - which was the longest siege in the Civil War
What year did two candidates both declare themselves the governor and being their own governments - and what happened
11/1872 - Dem McEnery and Rep Kellogg both claimed to have won - President Grant declared Kellogg the Gov after months of debate - the people didn’t like it since he was republican
What are the Jim Crow Laws
Laws that restricted the freedoms of Black Southerners
What is the progressive movement
Group the believed the government could and should be used to help address social issues like poverty, illiteracy, and improving conditions of workers
What nickname did Long give himself
Kingfish
What was known as the Louisiana Way
Extreme corruption in political culture “Good Old Boys”
It was issued by Lincoln on Jan 1, 1863 - it didn’t end slavery but it created chaos by only freeing slaves in the confederate states
Who was the first Black Gov. Of Louisiana
PBS Pinchback was Gov in 1873 for 36 days! 12/8/1872 - 1/18/1873
How did the Jim Crow Laws get their names
Based off a character played by T.D. Rice in blackface that made fun of the Black Community
Who are Jean and Kate GOrdon adn how did they help Womens Sufferage
They are sisters who pushed for voting rights for property owning white women (they didn’t want to give black women the right to vote)
Focused on making certain that no American was too rich or too poor by a redistribution of wealth.
Who was Hue P Long’s brother and when did He become governor
Earl K Long was Gov in 1939 - he served 3 consecutive terms
What was the estimated economic loss to Louisiana from the Civil War
$500 million in damages
When did the White League form and what was the target of the members
List 6 public facilities that were segregated due to Jim Crow
Schools, Train cars, entrances, bathrooms, seating and blood supplies
What year were you required to have a license to drive?
1915
What is grassroots support
Support from the common persons.
What is the name of the book Long wrote just before his death?
My First Days in the White House - about his fictional Presidential terms and how he would enact his share the wealth through the whole nation
What was the Star Car Policy and why was it overturned
Train cars designated for Blacks were labeled with a yellow star, the black community protested and the rule was overturned
Who was the pioneer of Jazz Music
Louis Armstrong (Satchmo!)
Where did Huey P Long die?
He was shot in the state capital on Sept 9, 1935 he died the next day.