The Franks
This early Frankish king united the Frankish tribes and converted to Christianity in 496 CE
Who is Clovis I
This term refers to the land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and military service.
What is a fief
In 800 AD, this Frankish king was crowned Emperor of the Romans, laying the foundation for the Holy Roman Empire.
Who is Charlemagne
This group of people settled in Britain after the fall of the Roman Empire and established a kingdom that lasted from the 5th to the 11th centuries.
Who are the Anglo-Saxons
This was the process by which the bishop of Rome gradually gained authority over the Western Church during the fifth and sixth centuries, bolstered by Rome's political prominence and the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.
What is the rise of the bishop of Rome to preeminence
Who were The Franks?
The franks gradually became the most powerful of the Germanic people
The code of conduct that knights were expected to follow, emphasizing honor, loyalty, and bravery
What is chilvary
Often called the first Holy Roman Emperor, this German king was crowned by Pope John XII in 962 AD
Who is Otto I
The Anglo-Saxon king who compiled the famous "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle," a key historical document of the time.
Who is Alfred the Great?
This theory, based on Matthew 16:18–19, claims that Christ made Peter the first pope and granted him supreme authority, which was then passed down to his successors.
What is the Petrine theory?
This dynasty, founded by Clovis I, ruled over the Frankish kingdom before being replaced by the Carolingians.
What is the Merovingian dynasty?
The agricultural laborers who were bound to the land and worked for the lords in the feudal system
Who are serfs
Known as the 'Golden Bull,' this 1356 decree issued by Emperor Charles IV established rules for electing Holy Roman Emperors
What is the Golden Bull of 1356
This Norman duke became the king of England after his victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
Who is William the Conqueror?
This term refers to the religious acts in the Roman Catholic Church that are believed to grant grace and spiritual benefits, and were seen as essential for salvation during the Middle Ages.
What are the sacraments?
This leader of the Franks halted the Muslim expansion into Europe by defeating the Moors at the Battle of Tours in 732.
Who is Charles Martel?
The agricultural laborers who were bound to the land and worked for the lords in the feudal system
What are knights, clergy, and peasants
German nobles selected this Saxon duke to be the first Saxon line of German kings
Who is Henry the Fowler
This French dynasty began with Hugh Capet, who became king of France in 987, marking the start of the Capetian dynasty.
Who are the Capetians?
This method of interpreting the Bible, which viewed historical passages as symbols or pictures of truth, gradually gave way to a more literal approach during the Middle Ages.
What is the allegorical approach to biblical interpretation?
Known as the 'Father of Europe,' this Frankish ruler unified much of Western Europe during the early Middle Ages.
Who is Charlemagne?
The title of the leader
What is Lord or King
The German empire that had a alliance with the Roman church
Who is the HRE
This Capetian king is known for expanding the French monarchy's power and centralizing the administration of the kingdom during his reign from 1180 to 1223.
Who is Philip II Augustus?
This term refers to the branch of clergy in the Roman Catholic Church who were engaged in religious services, administering sacraments, and managing church property, often serving in the "world.
What is the secular clergy?