HISTORY
Q1: How did the last Ice Age affect early settlements in North America?
A1: It forced people to be nomadic, migrate over the Bering Land Bridge, and hunt large animals for survival.
Q6: Why did few tribes live in the Arctic/Subarctic?
A6: It was too cold and difficult to farm or adapt
Q11: Example of religious intolerance in medieval Europe?
A11: Jewish people faced daily persecution by Christians
Q16: How did Africa and Eurasia both benefit from trade?
A16: They got new resources and shared knowledge/ideas.
Q21: Why did Spain send Columbus?
A21: To find a faster route to Asia and spread Christianity.
Q2: How did a surplus of food lead to civilizations?
A2: People didn’t have to hunt all the time, so they settled, built villages, and specialized in other jobs.
Q7: How did foods influence American Indian ways of life?
A7: Diet shaped lifestyle—farmers settled, hunters followed herds, fishers lived near water.
Q12: Why was the magnetic compass important?
A12: It showed direction without the sun/stars, helping sailors on long voyages.
Q17: Compare East vs. West African trade routes.
A17: West Africa used Trans-Saharan camel routes (gold-salt). East Africa traded across the Indian Ocean.
Q22: Difference between Dias and da Gama’s routes?
A22: Dias (A) sailed around Africa’s tip near shore; da Gama (B) sailed further out to reach India.
Q3: Why did the Aztecs’ religion weaken their empire?
A3: They believed their gods protected them, which made them overconfident and unprepared for threats.
Q8: How did horses help Plains Indians hunt buffalo?
A8: Horses made travel faster and hunting buffalo easier.
Q13: Why was the Middle East called the crossroads of the world?
A13: It connected Europe, Asia, and Africa through trade routes.
Q18: Why did China think it was the center of the Earth?
A18: It was isolated by mountains, deserts, and seas.
Q23: How did discoveries in the Americas affect Spain?
A23: Spain gained land, wealth, and power.
Q4: How did conquered groups adapt to Incan rule?
A4: Learned Quechua, paid taxes, and followed Incan laws/traditions.
Q9: What did the Iroquois government share with the U.S.
A9: Councils and shared power among groups (tribes/states)
Q14: How did Islam affect Middle Eastern trade?
A14: Pilgrimages to Mecca and Arabic language boosted trade and connections.
Q19: What sailing improvements happened during the Renaissance?
A19: Caravel ships, lateen sails, better maps/compasses — helped longer voyages and trade
Q24: Columbian Exchange — positives and negatives?
A24: Positive: New foods/animals spread worldwide. Negative: Disease and slavery expanded.
Q5: How did geography affect American Indian lifestyles?
A5: Plains tribes followed buffalo, Southwest farmed with irrigation, Eastern Woodlands farmed/hunted, Arctic hunted seals and whales.
Q10: How did the Crusades affect trade?
A10: Europeans wanted Asian goods like spices, silk, gems, and perfumes.
Q15: What advantages did Middle Eastern merchants have?
A15: Valuable goods (spices, silk, scents, stones) and a strategic location.
Q20: What was the effect of the printing press?
A20: Books became cheaper, literacy rose, and knowledge spread quickly.
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