Protestant Reformation and Scientific Revolution
This was the war that was fought between Catholics and Protestants in Europe.
30 Years War
Explain how a the social contract works and how it changed gov't.
The social contract made gov't a 2 way street between the ruler and the people. Each had a responsibility towards the other. The ruler had to protect the people and their natural rights, and the people had to obey the ruler if they did a good job. This changed gov't b/c before the king could do whatever they wanted and did not have to be concerned with any rights of their citizens.
What were the "Three Estates" of the "Old Regime?"
1st Estate - Clergy
2nd Estate - Nobility
3rd Estate - Commoners
Who was the leader of the Haitian Revolution?
Toussaint Louverture
________ led the independence armies in South America. __________ were the fighters in these armies.
a. Llaneros, Caudillos
b. Creoles, Caudillos
c. Castas, Encomienda
d. Caudillos, Llaneros
d. Caudillos, Llaneros
People now had an method to test assumptions and find results. This made people more logical and less superstitious.
Explain the concept of popular sovereignty. What form of gov't did popular sovereignty evolve into?
The people should have a voice in choosing their leader. It evolved into democracy.
Which of the following is considered the symbolic beginning of the French Revolution?
A. The Storming of the Bastille
B. The Reign of Terror
C. The Congress of Vienna
D. The Tennis Court Oath
D. The Tennis Court Oath
The 3rd estate agree to keep meeting until a new constitution was made for France.
Who was the largest group in Haiti pre-revolution?
a. Big White (Gran Blancs)
b. Small Whites (Petite Blancs)
c. gens de couleur libres (free people of color)
d. Slaves
Describe the gender and distribution of this group.
d. Slaves, mostly males, living hopeless, brutal lives on sugar plantations.
Simon Bolivar was a ________ and is associated with the independence movements in _____________.
a. Creole, Jamaica
b. Mestizo, Northern, South America
c. Creole, Brazil
d. Mestizo, Caribbean Islands
e. Creole, Northern, South America
e. Creole, Northern, South America
Which factor most directly led to the Scientific Revolution in Europe?
a. The Renaissance emphasis on secularism and humanism
b. Humanist ideas imported through trade with the Ottoman Empire
c. Increased reliance on protections given by powerful lords under the feudal system
d. A deep belief in the wisdom of ancient thinkers like Aristotle, Plato, and Ptolemy
Explain how you arrived at your answer.
a. Renaissance secularism and humanism. It made people focus on creating a better life for humans on earth and deemphasize religious/supernatural beliefs in everyday life.
Describe the difference between Locke and Hobbes' view of the social contract between government and the people.
Locke believed in limited gov't b/c he thought people were good and didn't need to be controlled. In his view gov't should only protect people's natural rights and that is it. Hobbes thought people were evil and needed to be controlled by a strong ruler otherwise there would be chaos.
Explain Napoleon Bonaparte's role in the French Revolution. How did his legal code change France.
Napoleon brough stability and pride to France after the chaotic Reign of Terror. His legal code created public schools and made laws more fair for common people. However his legal codes were restrictive towards women.
Why was Haiti such a valuable colony for the French? Describe what life was like in Haiti for the average slave.
Haiti grew profitable cash crops like sugar and coffee. Life was miserable and short for slaves in Haiti. A slaves average life span was 4 years.
What was the name of the leader who sparked the Mexican Revolution?
Padre Manuel Hidalgo
Describe how the Scientific Revolution challenged medieval view of the world and our solar system. What group was most upset with these changes? Be specific with names and examples of these changes.
Copernicus observed that the Geocentric Model of the solar system was incoherent and created the Heliocentric Theory of the solar system. Galileo made a telescope that confirmed the heliocentric theory. The Catholic church was upset b/c these changes contradicted the Bible.
Which Enlightenment ideas had the greatest influence on modern democratic governments?
A. Hobbes' Leviathan
B. Voltaire's satire and wit
C. Montesquieu's Separation of Powers
D. Locke's Tabula Rasa
Justify your answer.
C. Montesquieu's Separation of Powers. Most democratic governments separate power b/w lawmakers (The Legislature), The executive (The President or Prime Minister), and court system (The Supreme Court).
Which best describes the relationship between the economic crisis in France and the outbreak of Revolution?
A. Economic hardship increased unrest and fueled demands for political change
B. Economic growth strengthen loyalty to the monarchy
C. The economy was stable, so the revolution was unrelated
D. Peasants benefits financially from tax reforms.
A. Economic hardships (due to the large debt France was facing) led to unrest and the common people of France to call for a change in gov't.
In what way did the Haitian Revolution differ most from other revolutions of its time?
A. It maintained slavery under a new name.
B. It was a peaceful revolution without violence
C. It was led solely by European Monarchs trying to weaken the French
D. It established the first lasting free republic led by former enslaved people.
Explain your answer.
D
What was the primary similarity between the Latin American revolutions and the French Revolution?
A. Both resulted in stronger absolute monarchies as a result of war against revolutionaries
B. Both were driven by the upper middle class that wanted a greater role in running their country
C. Both rejected all forms of social change
D. Both ended with the people on the lowest level of society running the country.
Explain the reasoning for your answer.
B. The Creoles and Bourgeoisie were upper middle class groups in their perspective countries that wanted a greater say in how the country was run.
Explain how Corruption within the Catholic Church and the invention of the printing press worked together to fuel the Protestant Reformation.
Martin Luther saw the abuses of the church (the selling of indulgences being the most apparent), wrote the 95 Thesis which exposed the corruption. The printing press helped spread these ideas across Europe quickly.
Give examples of how two Enlightenment thinkers changed political thought and led to revolutions.
Locke - Natural Rights, Right to Rebellion Tabula Rasa
Montesquieu - Separation of powers, anti-absolute monarchs
Rousseau - Popular Sovereignty
2 part question:
1. Explain the social, economic, and political causes of the French Revolution.
2. Explain how the revolution changed from calls for reform into radical change
1. The 3 Estate System was unfair. The 3rd Estate was 97% of the population, paid all the taxes, and had only one vote in determining the laws of the country.
2. The National Assembly originally wanted to make the French Gov't more fair for the common people. This changed when Robespierre got in power and started the Reign of Terror.
Explain at least two global impacts of the Haitian Revolution.
1. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade is abolished.
2. European Imperialists shift focus to Africa and India
3. The Monroe Doctrine (U.S. will protect newly freed countries)
4. France abandons North American Empire
Describe at least 2 causes of the Latin American Revolutions.
1. Castas System - Unfair treatment of everyone but Peninsulares
2. Encomienda System - Economic Exploitation of workers
3. Mercantilist Economy - pilfering of economic of resources by Spain
4. Creole desire for political power - Wealthy upper middle class group wants power to make laws and rules for their homeland.