Stinky Towns
The percentage of children that died before the age of 5 during the Victorian period.
One-third. (30-something percent)
The primary reason for the poor public health conditions in British cities during the 1800s.
Rapid urban growth without proper infrastructure.
The primary factor that determined a person's social class in the 1700s and 1800s.
Income and housing conditions.
Describe the role of the 'watch' in maintaining law and order.
Elderly or unfit workers who patrolled streets at night.
Henry Fielding's initial motivation for establishing the Bow Street Runners in 1749.
To address the problem of criminals around Bow Street. (He didn't like having so many criminals on his street)
A major factor contributing to disease spread in Victorian cities.
People used the same rivers for drinking water and sewage disposal.
How John Snow proved his theory about cholera transmission.
By mapping where cholera victims got their water.
Describe jobs for the middle class during the Victoria period.
Professionals and small business owners.
Describe 'transportation' as a form of punishment.
Sending criminals to British-controlled territories as prisoners/forced-labourers.
What unique nickname was given to the new 'Metro' police officers, and why.
Bobbies, after Robert Peel who created the force.
Describes the sewage (pee-pee-poo-poo) disposal system in Victorian towns and cities.
People often emptied waste buckets directly onto the streets
The most significant contribution of Joseph Bazalgette to public health.
Designed London's sewer system.
The reason for working-class people typically living in the center of towns.
They needed to be close to factories where they worked.
Give the reason why most transported prisoners did not return to Britain after serving their sentence.
They couldn't afford the journey back home.
Describe the public's initial reactions to the new Metro police force.
They viewed them with hostility and called them names. They thought they were a waste of money and an invasion of their privacy.
What was the average life expectancy for men living in a really rough inner city (like Liverpool) during this period.
17 or 18 years old.
The impact Florence Nightingale had on nursing.
She established professional nursing standards and training.
Describe the environment of a Victorian suburb. (Why would a person/family prefer living here?)
Suburbs were away from factories and more peaceful. Houses were bigger and the air was fresher.
Which of the following was NOT a capital crime in 1800s Britain?
A. Stealing letters
B. Being a pirate
C. Public intoxication
D. Damaging Westminster Bridge
C. Public intoxication.
Which of these was NOT a requirement for joining the Metropolitan Police Force in 1829?
A. Being under 35 years old
B. Having military experience
C. Being literate
D. Being in good health
B. Having military experience.
The primary reason for the poor living conditions in back-to-back housing during the Victorian era.
Houses were built quickly and cheaply (to save space and money).
Edwin Chadwick's contribution to public health.
His 1842 report led to the Public Health Act.
Explain the concept of the 'social pyramid'.
It demonstrates how the wealthy few are at the top and poor majority are at the bottom.
The primary reason fewer executions occurred than expected during this period, despite the large number of capital crimes.
The courts often showed mercy/pity to young and desperate criminals.
Provide the significant development occurred in the evolution of British policing by 1856.
Every large town had its own police force.