Terms
the use of logic and reason to understand the world and solve problems, often in contrast to faith or tradition.
What is Rationalism?
An ancient Greek astronomer, mathematician, and geographer who proposed the geocentric model of the universe, which placed the Earth at the center of the cosmos and was the accepted view for over a thousand years.
who is ptolemy?
a political group active in the Legislative Assembly and the National Convention who were less radical than the Montagnards and eventually purged from power.
what is the girondins?
the clergy (First Estate), nobility (Second Estate), and commoners (Third Estate) of France before the revolution.
what is the three estates?
states that every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
.
what is universal law of gravitation?
involves observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and analysis of data to test hypotheses and build scientific knowledge.
what is the Scientific Revolution?
A Renaissance-era astronomer and mathematician who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at its center (heliocentrism), sparking the Copernican Revolution.
who is copernicus?
given broad powers by the National Convention to defend the revolution against foreign and domestic threats, leading to the Reign of Terror.
what is comittie of public safety?
This assembly was summoned by King Louis XVI in 1789 to address the financial crisis, but it led to the French Revolution.
what is estates general?
a theory that addresses the questions of the origin of society and the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual.
what is social contract?
believed in a creator God who set the universe in motion but does not interfere with its operation or require organized religion.
What is deism?
An Italian astronomer, physicist, and engineer often called the "father of observational astronomy," who used a telescope to make groundbreaking observations (like the phases of Venus and moons of Jupiter) that supported the Copernican theory.
Who's Galileo?
a major center of resistance to the radical government in Paris during the revolution and faced severe repression after its capture in 1793.
what is lyon?
A foundational document of the French Revolution
This charter, adopted in 1789, defined individual and collective rights at the time of the French Revolution.
what is the declaration of rights of man?
proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus, places the Sun rather than Earth at the center of the universe. This challenged the prevailing geocentric model.
used to describe the writers and thinkers of the French Enlightenment. They were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics, and social issues.
What is philosophe?
An English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer considered one of the most influential scientists of all time, best known for his laws of motion and universal gravitation, and for his work on optics and calculus.
who is sr. issac newton?
thousands of people suspected of counter-revolutionary activities were executed by drowning in the Loire River at Nantes.
what is nantes?
Radical commoners in the French Revolution
They were the working-class revolutionaries who wore trousers instead of the fashionable knee-breeches (culottes) of the aristocracy.
what is sans-coulottes?
the widely accepted description of the cosmos in many ancient Greek and medieval cultures, placing Earth motionless at the center of the universe.
what is geocentric?
an economic theory from the 18th century that opposes any government intervention in business affairs. The belief is that an economy functions best when left to its own devices, without regulations, privileges, or other economic controls.
what is laissez-faire?
A French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist often referred to as the "father of modern philosophy," famous for his statement "I think, therefore I am" and for his work in connecting algebra and geometry.
who is rene descartes?
This ideal, promoted by Maximilien Robespierre, aimed to create a new, virtuous French society by ruthlessly purging all counter-revolutionary elements.
were members of the Jacobin club who sat on the highest benches in the National Convention and advocated for radical action, including the execution of the king.
what is the mountain?
an ideology and movement that promotes the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its homeland.
what is nationalism?