🏛️ FOUNDATIONS OF DEMOCRACY
Why is a strong public education system essential to democracy?
It allows citizens to think critically, understand political issues, and make informed decisions.
Who wrote What Is the Third Estate? and when?
Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès, 1789.
What is social contract theory?
The idea that individuals give up some freedoms in exchange for protection and order.
Who were the Jacobins?
A radical revolutionary group that led the National Convention.
Which king was removed during the Glorious Revolution?
King James II
What happens to a democracy when citizens are apathetic or disengaged?
Democracy weakens because fewer people participate, hold leaders accountable, or vote responsibly.
Which estate did Sieyès argue represented the French nation?
The Third Estate
Which thinker emphasized order and security in the social contract?
Thomas Hobbes
Name two key Jacobin leaders.
Robespierre and Danton. (Desmoulins also acceptable)
Who replaced James II?
William and Mary
Why is an unbiased media important in a democracy?
It promotes transparency, accountability, and informed decision-making.
What is laissez-faire economics?
An economic philosophy advocating minimal government intervention and self-regulating markets.
What did John Locke believe people give up and retain?
They give up some freedom but retain natural rights like life, liberty, and property.
What was the Reign of Terror?
A period of mass executions used to defend the revolution from enemies.
Why is it called the “Glorious” Revolution?
It involved minimal violence.
How does an informed public strengthen democratic government?
Citizens can challenge power, evaluate policies, and prevent abuse of authority.
What is utilitarianism?
A moral philosophy stating actions are right if they promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number.
What is Rousseau’s General Will?
The collective will aimed at the common good.
Why is the Reign of Terror seen as dangerous?
It shows how ideological extremism can justify violence and repression.
What did the Bill of Rights (1689) establish?
Parliamentary supremacy, free elections, and limits on monarchy.
Why does democracy rely on citizens actively seeking information?
Without engagement, power concentrates and democratic institutions lose legitimacy.
Why did Sieyès believe privilege harmed society
It blocked talented individuals from advancement and rewarded status over skill.
Why is the General Will not the same as majority opinion?
It focuses on the common good, not individual or popular self-interest.
What does Robespierre’s quote suggest about monarchy?
That power and national identity belong only to the king, not the people.
What was the Glorious Revolution's long-term impact?
It ended absolute monarchy and strengthened constitutional government.