People
King of Macedonia, he completed the conquest of Persia and spread Hellenism throughout the East. He was a remarkable individual endowed with great natural gifts and abilities, as a man, soldier, and statesman
What is, "Alexander"?
Famous orator and statesman of Athens who petitioned the Athenians to resist Philip II ‘s advancement into Greece. He delivered a number of speeches against him that have come to be called the “Philippics
What is, "Demosthenes"?
The aristocracy, made up of descendants of the oldest Roman families. Early in the history of Rome, they possessed all political power and privileges.
What is, "Patrician"?
The head of the Roman family. He possessed near complete authority over all members of his house and was in charge of the family worship.
What is, "Paterfamilias"?
King of Macedonia; a skilled warrior and diplomat. He organized his kingdom into a strong fighting force, able to use a modified, deep version of the phalanx and long spears. He extended his dominion into Greece and eventually conquered the joint powers of Athens and Thebes.
What is, "Philip II"?
The famous Carthaginian general who led an invasion of Italy by marching a large force of troops across the Alps from Spain.
What is, "Hannibal"?
the right to trade with Roman citizens
What is, "Commercium"?
City in central Italy that was founded on seven hills along the Tiber and incorporated the Latin and Sabine settlements there.
What is, "Rome"?
The Roman General who was entrusted with the war in Spain after the death of his father and uncle. After his success in Spain he was made consul and he carried the war from Italy to Africa, which forced Hannibal to give up his stronghold throughout the Italian peninsula and led to his defeat.
What is, "Publius Scipio Africanus"
Roman reformer introduced the following reforms: (1) the “grain laws” which sought to help the poor by providing cheap food; (2) juror reforms which gave the power of juror selection to the equestrian order, reducing the power of the senate; and (3) enfranchisement of the Italian allies.
What is, "Gaius Gracchus"?
a political alliance between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus. Each member pledged to help the others accomplish their goals.
What is, "First Triumvirate"?
Country lying to the north of the Greek Peloponnesus that was at first populated by a hardy, by semi-barbarous, hunting and plundering people. The early kings united and advanced her to such an extent that she was invaded during the Theban Supremacy. Later, she rose to fame and supremacy under Philip and Alexander.
What is, "Macedonia"?
Roman reformer who proposed “agrarian laws” that would have limited the amount of land held by citizens and increased the share controlled by the poorer classes. He was opposed by the Senate and eventually lost his life during political street riots.
What is, "Tiberius Gracchus"?
Two great generals came to popularity through their success and turned to politics. Eventually, the personal and political interests of the two brought them into conflict and they used military forces to settle the dispute, embroiling Rome in a civil war. Both parties killed and terrorized the opposition, when they held power. Eventually, _________ won and, after a brief dictatorship and reform period, returned power to the Senate.
What is, "Sulla"?
The Valerian Laws, Valerio-Horatian Laws, and Lician Laws
What are, "Charters of Roman Liberty"?
the right to vote
What is, "suffragium"?
He rose to prominence after he played a key role in putting down revolts by several Roman leaders and the gladiators under Spartacus. Aligning himself with the populares he was made consul and helped undo the reforms of Sulla, reducing the supremacy of the Senate. Later, he was called out of retirement and given extraordinary military powers to deal with the Pirates of the Mediterranean and rebellion in the East.
"What is, "Pompey"?
A Thracian gladiator who led a slave revolt against the Romans.
What is, "Spartacus"?
Caesar realized four things: A) the power which would rule Rome must be a military power; (B) No other province afforded the same military opportunities and was so close; (C) the conquest of this province was necessary to protect Rome from invasion; (D) Rome needed new fertile lands for colonies. He therefore chose his assignment in __________
What is, "Gaul"?
to be stronger than the enemy at the point of ___________.”~ Theban Principle of War
What is, "contact"?