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100

Federalism

the division of power between national and state governments, was a key principle established by the Constitution

100

This balance of power 


was seen as essential to protecting the rights of the states while allowing the national government to address issues that affected the entire country

                      


    

100

The executive branch

(Led by the president) with enforcing laws

100

Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation were the first rules for the U.S., created in 1781. They gave most power to the states and created a weak central government. The government couldn’t tax or control trade, so they were replaced by the U.S. Constitution in 1789 served as the first governing document for the United States, unifying the newly independent states under a central government with limited power.

100

which compromise stated that Congress could prohibit the importation of enslaved people after 1808


The slave trade compromise

200

Seperation of powers 

The separation of powers is a political principle where the government is divided into three branches: the legislative (makes laws), the executive (enforces laws), and the judicial (interprets laws). This system is designed to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power and to provide checks and balances.

200

The division of Powers

outlined in the Constitution, such as the and the federal government’s authority to regulate interstate commerce states’ control over education and local law enforcement

                                                       


    

200

The judicial branch

(headed by the supreme court) with interpreting laws

200

the United States Constitution

Through intense negotiation, collaboration, and compromise, these delegates crafted a new framework for governance:


200
Federalists

led by figures like Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay argued in favor of a strong central government and the benefits of the new Constitution

300

The System of checks and Balances, and legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

The constitution established a central government that had a system of checks and balances through seperation of powers between the legislative, executive and judicial branches. 

300

System of separation of powers

The constitution established this to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful 

300

What exemplify the checks and balances system?

The power of president to veto legislation, the ability of congress to override a veto with two thirds majority, and the role of the supreme court in declaring laws unconstitutional, all exemplify the checks and balances system.

300

The Great Compromise (or Connecticut Compromise),

which resolved the debate between large and small states by creating a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the House of Representatives and equal representation in the Senate    

300

Federalists articulated there views in...

Federalist Papers

400

The preamble of the U.S. constitution

which outlines the goals of the new government, emphasizing the balance between maintaining order and protecting individual freedoms

400

checks and balances

This was a system designed to create a dynamic and responsive government where each branch would have distinct responsibilities and the ability to limit the powers of the others

400

Enumerated powes

The Constitution provided for a central government with limited, enumerated powers, ensuring that it could not encroach on the rights of states or individuals

400

Constitutional Convention

The Constitutional Convention was a meeting in 1787 where delegates created the U.S. Constitution to replace the weak Articles of Confederation and establish a stronger central government.

400

Anti-Federalists

concerned about the lack of explicit protections for individual rights, opposed ratification and argued for the preservation of states' rights and more localized governance

500

The Tenth Amendment

further reinforced this balance by reserving to the states all powers not explicitly granted to the federal government

500

The legislative Branch

(congress) was tasked with making laws

500

Necessary and Proper Clause

The inclusion of the Necessary and Proper Clause, which allows Congress to make laws required for the execution of its enumerated powers, illustrates the balance between a government that is effective yet constrained


500

The Three-Fifths Compromise

determined that three-fifths of the enslaved population would be counted for both representation and taxation purposes

500

Bill of Rights

To secure ratification, Federalists promised to add a Bill of Rights that would enumerate individual liberties and explicitly limit the powers of the federal government. The Bill of Rights, consisting of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, was drafted and ratified shortly after the Constitution itself, fulfilling the promise made during the ratification debates.

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