European Rennaissance
what was the early modern era?
the period in which Europe experienced the European renaissance.
who discovered the Americas under the support of which 2 important figures?
Christopher Columbus, under king Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.
What eliminated nearly all the American Indian civilizations in central and south America?
disease and conquistadors.
which 2 countries would later surpass Hispanic empires in military and economy in the late 17th century?
Spain and Portugal.
What is mercantilism?
state control of trade, in the hopes of enhancing national power at the expense of rival countries.
name at least 3 examples of new ideas/inventors/innovations improved/discovered in the European renaissance.
Carvels, Compass, Astrolabe, Gunpowder, gunboats, and portolan Maps.
what are the 3 G's, and explain.
God, Glory, Gold.
What is a Cartaz?
mandatory trade certificate.
Which 3 countries attempted to settle territories in North America, and the Caribbean that the Spanish nor the Portuguese had claimed?
England, France, and the Netherlands.
What is Fixed wealth?
Certain amount of wealth or gold in the world.
what was the scientific revolution?
when Europeans questioned and applied new ways of obtaining knowledge about the physical world.
What did Portuguese and Spanish explores seek out?
connections with the New World, Africa, and Asia.
what did Portugal focus on establishing?
Trade-Post Empire, that controlled coastal cities, ports, and trade.
what was the Columbian exchange?
a trade of ideas from the Old to New world. (or the other way around)
What is colonialism?
the occupation, settlement, and economic exploitation of its land. (and the people in it)
What decisive advantage did the Portuguese have over non-European countries; and what did this advantage allow them to control?
gunpowder weapons (specifically cannons) allowed small amounts of soldiersand ships to control trade posts/routes around Africa and Asia.
What did the Portuguese form with many West African Kingdoms.
Trade posts, agreements, and relations.
what was the encomienda system?
when large amounts of land were given to Spanish conquerors and settlers, to mainly convince them to live there and Christianize the population.
about how much new world people died from exposure of old-world diseases? (percentage)
Waht were 2 methods of mercantilism?
1: sell more to them than you buy from them.
2: sabotage; attack trade routes and maritime holdings while protecting your own.
What were conquistadors? Give 1 example.
successful conquerors over American Indian civilizations Hernan Cortes.
What came out of these innovation, ideas, and discoveries in the European renaissance?
enhanced exploration trade and naval power. which led to the expansion of maritime European empires.
What is the treaty of Tordesillas?
settled territorial claims/disputes between the two Catholic kingdoms of Spain and France
What did chartered companies allow?
it allowed them to hire and construct a military or navy to defend against any natives, or other outsiders.
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