Late Middle Ages
English king who became heir to the throne of France after victory at the Battle of Agincourt
Henry V
Sculpted the David and painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
He sparked the German Reformation with his critiques of the practice and doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church and wrote On Christian Liberty
Martin Luther
Wrote On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres
Copernicus
The French ruler who declared "I am the State"
Louis XIV
Helped Charles VII win the Siege of Orleans and was later burned at the stake
Joan of Arc
Wrote Utopia, a work of political philosophy that investigated what is the ideal society
Thomas More
He led the Protestant Reformation in the Swiss city of Geneva and wrote Institutes of Christian Religion
John Calvin
Argued for Empiricism, or the use of experiment and observation derived from sensory evidence to construct scientific theory or philosophy of knowledge
Francis Bacon
Declared himself "Lord Protector" of England and instituted a Presbyterian order to replace the Anglican order
Oliver Cromwell
English king who asserted a claim to the French throne, thus starting the Hundred Years’ War
Edward III
The invention of this item helped to spread humanistic ideas
Printing Press
This Roman Catholic Church Council reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings against the Protestants, while also instituting significant reforms.
Council of Trent
Wrote Second Treatise of Government and Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which rejected Christian understanding of original sin. He argued that man was a tabula rasa.
John Locke
He is the Father of the Russian Navy.
Peter the Great
As a result of the Black Death, what items were in high demand?
Luxury goods
What were the dates of the Italian Renaissance?
1375-1527
This proclamation in 1598 gave religious freedom French Huguenots.
Edict of Nantes
Used deductive reasoning and is most famous for the phrase: Cogito ergo sum.
Renee Descartes
A French politique who promoted the glory of French nationalism by allying with Sweden in hopes of undercutting the power of the Hapsburg dynasty.
Cardinal Richelieu
Wrote Unam Sanctam, which stated that temporal authority was “subject” to the spiritual power of the Church
Boniface VIII
The humanists' liberal arts program of study that embraced grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, politics, and moral philosophy?
Studia humanitatis
This event in Bohemia led to the beginning of the Thirty Years' War when Ferdinand II tried to revoke the freedoms of Protestants.
The Defenestration of Prague
Wrote Leviathan (1651), which described man’s natural state as one of chaos, violence, and war and argued that an absolute government was necessary to restrain man’s violent self-interest
Thomas Hobbes
The piece of Land that Frederick II invaded and began the Third Silesian War
Saxony