Scramble for Africa
Berlin Conference
Decolonization
Apartheid
Kenya, Nigeria, S. Africa
Economic and Governments
Hodge Podge
1
Define imperialism.
Country taking over another country's land for money, power and resources. ***
1
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?
To divide up Africa's land among European countries.
1
Define nationalism. How did nationalism lead to the decolonization of Africa?
Nationalism is having pride in your country. African leaders urged countries to put their tribal and ethnic differences aside and unite together to fight for independence. ****
1
What African country did the apartheid take place?
South Africa ****
1
What European country colonized Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa?
Great Britain ****
1
What are trade barriers and what are the three types of trade barriers?
Trade barriers slow or hinder trade. Embargo, tariff and quota.
1
Why was Nelson Mandela sentenced to life in prison and how long of that life sentence did he spend in jail? Who released him?
For treason or sedition (fighting again apartheid laws). He spend 27 years in jail. F. W. de Klerk released him and many other political prisoners from jail when apartheid ended.
20
How did European imperialism led to an increased competition for African land?
Europeans wanted more land because more land equaled more power and they went after Africa's land for it. BONUS POINTS if you mentioned the Industrial Revolution was going on in Europe and they wanted the land for the natural resources. ***
20
Where was this conference held? (City, county, continent)
Berlin, Germany, Europe ***
20
What was the initial reason for the Pan-African movement? Who was the movement uniting?
The initial reason was to rid Africa of European control. It also pushed to unite people of African descent from all over the world. ***
20
What is apartheid?
The separation of races in South Africa. ****
20
Identify Jomo Kenyatta.
Kenya's leader, head of the KANC (Kenya African National Congress), helped fight for Kenya's independence of Britain and the first president of Kenya after colonization. ****
20
What type of economic system do the countries of Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa all have?
A mixed economy ****
20
What was Nelson Mandela's attitude towards the people who jailed him after he was released by F. W. de Klerk?
He felt all races needed to work together to help rebuild South Africa and did not take revenge on them.
300
What two African countries WERE NOT colonized by Europeans?
Liberia and Ethiopia
300
What European country controlled Congo. Their leader, Leopold II used extremely harsh measures to exploit it's rubber.
Belgium ****
300
After what major world event did African countries begin to challenge European rule? Why?
After WWII because European countries were weak due to the lose of money and lives in the war.
300
WHY were apartheid laws created in South Africa?
So the white minority in South Africa could maintain control of the black natives and all the government and economic decisions.
300
What was the Mau Mau uprising and where did it take place?
A group of guerilla warfare fighters in Kenya that fought (often violently) for Kenya's independence. ***
300
Describe a traditional economy.
An economy where decisions are based on rituals and traditions. Often bartering is a means of acquiring new goods in traditional economies. ****
300
What was the name of Nelson Mandela's political party? (This party also wanted to rid Africa of European control)
ANC - African National Congress ***
4000
What two European countries got the most land during the Berlin Conference? Of these, which one was the ultimate winner of the most land.
Great Britain and France and Great Britain got the most land. ***
4000
Who was and was not invited to the Berlin Conference?
13 European countries and the US were invited, but NO African representation was present at the Berlin conference. ***
4000
What African groups fought each other for land and power after Europeans left?
Tribal groups, ethnic groups and religious groups
4000
What famous South African leader used nonviolent acts similar to Gandhi to fight against apartheid?
Nelson Mandela ****
4000
What type of government does Nigeria and Kenya have? What type of government does South Africa have?
Nigeria and Kenya - Presidential Democracy
South Africa - Parliamentary Democracy
*KNOW HOW THE LEADERS ARE CHOSEN
4000
What is the difference between an autocracy and an oligarchy?
An autocracy has one leader with complete power while an oligarchy has a groups who leads with complete power. ***
4000
What does the word Apartheid mean?
"Apart-ness" ****
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What happened to the wealth of Africa's resources during European colonization?
Resources were taken out of Africa, used to gain wealth for the Europeans NOT put back into African country's economies.
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How did the artificial borders of the Berlin Conference contribute to conflict and civil war in Africa today?
The borders did not take into account the ethnic and religious groups already living in Africa and forced many of these groups to live within a country together. Also tribes were divided when borders were drawn through their tribal / ancestral land.
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Why has a strong sense of unity been difficult to achieve in many African nations that gained their independence in 1900's?
Tribes, ethnic groups and religions groups continue to fight with each other. ****
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What South African leader made changes in the country due to international pressure to end apartheid?
F.W. de Klerk
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How do citizens today participate in the government in Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa?
Citizens in all three countries can vote at the age of 18. Citizens in Nigeria and Kenya vote for a president while citizens in South Africa vote for the legislature who then appoints the leader.
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Describe a mixed economy.
A mixed economy is where citizens make economic decisions with some government involvement. The amount of government involvement depends on where the country lies on the economic continuum.
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What are three reasons why European countries set up colonies in Africa?
Raw materials / natural resources, land (which equals power), to spread religion (especially Christianity) ***