Intersections
This building in Jerusalem displays a Muslim sense of continuity with Biblical history and revelation.
What is the Dome of the Rock, al-Aqsa Mosque, also known as Beit ul-Muqaddas, or "House of Holiness"?
This 13th-century story about a woman pope giving birth on a horse drove theologians to consider the power of the papacy and the concept of apostolic succession.
Who is Pope Joan?
In this dynasty from the seventh to the ninth century, Frankish kings imported scholars from Anglo-Saxon England, Italy, and other places.
What is the Carolingian dynasty?
Patristic and contemporary opinions, collected and organized topically in separate books of "Sentences" were known by this Latin word.
What is Sententiae?
These cultural enclaves of the middle ages, where participants lived in community, were the primary sites of theological reflection.
What are monasteries?
The Muslim leader Ibn Sina (Avicenna) criticized this influential Sunni Muslim legal scholar and neo-Platonic philosopher in Baghdad and Nishapur, who lived a generation earlier, at the time of the First crusade.
Who is Abu Hamid Muhammad Ibn Muhammad al-Ghazali?
The liturgy of daily prayer (morning, noon, evening) used in monastic communities and sometimes adapted for use by the laity primarily focuses on this part of the Bible:
What is the book of Psalms?
Joan of Arc challenged the claim of this group to the French throne.
Who are the Burgundians?
One of the most famous and influential topical collections of Sentences in the twelfth century.
What is the four books of Sentences of Peter Lombard
These two famous Franciscan and Dominican contemporaries in the third quarter of the thirteenth century were among the best-known and most influential scholastic theologians during their lifetimes.
Who are Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas?
The new Latin translations of both ancient Greek logic and Jewish commentaries on ancient philosophy expanded the tool chest at the disposal of European scholars in this scholastic movement of the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries.
What is the rediscovery of Aristotle?
During the middle ages, these were periods of time within the liturgical year, and cycles of feasting, fasting, and worship.
What is the liturgical calendar (or liturgical year)?
This church institution of examination and punishment shows how legal mechanisms of social control developed in Europe.
What is the Inquisition?
This type of logical argument encouraged scholars in monasteries and cathedral schools in the twelfth century to pay closer attention to the contradictory positions represented in the sententiae of ancient Christian writers.
What is dialectic?
The manuscripts of the Bible often included marginal quotations from ancient authors, including in this ninth-century illustrated text.
What is the Stuttgart Psalter?
Near the end of the fifteenth century, the young scholar Pico della Mirandola was censured for heresy by a theological commission of the Roman Catholic Church because he disputed that God had the "absolute power" to do this.
What is becoming a stone?
Following a ritual of burial, these types of religious people, including Julian of Norwich, lived in small, walled-in chambers of the church building.
What are anchorites and anchoresses?
This fourteenth-century heresy helped bring about a decline of the Beguines in many late medieval cities.
What is the Heresy of the Free Spirit?
By the beginning of the thirteenth century, the division of subjects and the structure of curricula in the first European universities reinforced the development of the logical culture of this mode of study.
What is scholasticism?
This movement, which originated in legal circles outside of universities, challenged and overtook scholasticism in the university curriculum by the late fifteenth century.
What is humanism?
This Islamic scholar claimed that the Qur'an can be interpreted to discern three valid paths of arriving at religious truths, and philosophy was one of if not the best of them, therefore its study should not be prohibited.
Who is Ibn Rushd (Averroes)?
A Beguine, later a Cistercian woman, she was the author of the (at times racy) book The Flowing Light of Godhead, who was never suspected of heresy.
Who is Mechtild of Magdeburg?
This Cistercian and bishop, who later became Pope Benedict XII, conducted an inquisition in his diocese and its register is an important source for medieval historians.
Who is Jacques Fournier?
In the first university theology faculties, this book became a standard textbook and remained the leading text of study until the sixteenth century.
What is Peter Lombard's Four Books of Sentences?
This Archbishop of Canterbury oversaw the first divorce of Henry VIII, wrote most of the first Book of Common Prayer in 1549, and was later executed by Mary I when she restored Catholicism to England.
Who was Thomas Cranmer?