Ancient Civilizations
Who is known as the "Father of Medicine"?
Hippocrates
The Greeks believed disease could be understood through what method?
Direct observation
What became the primary focus during the Dark Ages?
Saving the soul
What Renaissance practice improved understanding of anatomy?
Human dissection
What tool allowed physicians to accurately measure body temperature?
Mercury Thermometer
Who developed the first effective polio vaccine?
Jonas Salk
Who provided most medical care in Ancient Egypt?
Priests
What Roman structure brought clean water into cities?
Aqueducts
How was illness commonly treated during the Dark Ages?
Prayer and divine intervention
What invention allowed medical knowledge to spread rapidly?
Printing Press
What instrument did René Laennec invent?
Stethoscope
What form of radiation did Wilhelm Roentgen discover?
X-rays
What ancient Chinese treatment uses needles placed at specific points in the body?
Acupuncture
The Romans organized medical care for what specific group?
Injured soldiers
Which ancient cultures were restudied during the Middle Ages?
Greeks, Romans, Egyptians
What invention allowed scientists to see disease-causing organisms?
Microscope
Who established modern nursing?
Florence Nightingale
What important discovery did Alexander Fleming make in 1928?
Penicillin
What procedure involved drilling a hole in the skull to treat illness?
Trepanation
Name all four humors according to Galen.
Blood, Phlegm, Black Bile, Yellow Bile
Which group of physicians first required doctors to pass examinations for licensure?
Arab physicians
Who became known as the Father of Modern Surgery?
Ambroise Paré
Who proved that microorganisms cause disease?
Louis Pasteur
Which two scientists identified the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
Name two public health innovations created by the Ancient Romans.
Aqueducts, sewer systems, public baths
What was one major reason the Roman army had better survival rates than many armies before them?
The Romans organized medical care for injured soldiers and established military hospitals.
Why was the Middle Ages an important period for medicine?
Ancient medical knowledge was rediscovered and organized.
How did Ambroise Paré improve surgery?
He introduced ligatures to stop bleeding.
Who used antiseptics to reduce infections during surgery?
Joseph Lister
Who performed the first successful heart transplant?
Christian Barnard