Colonial Years and Antebellum (1636-1783)
What was the first college founded in the U.S.?
Harvard University
What does HBCU stand for?
Historically Black Colleges and Universities
What act helped expand public higher education?
The Morrill Act of 1862
How did WW II affect Japanese American college students?
Japanese American college students on the West Coast were ordered to relocate to internment camps and lost all credits earned at their institutions
What does MSI stand for?
Minority serving institution
What was the primary mission of colonial colleges?
To assimilate Native Americans and propagate Christianity
What was the first women’s college in the U.S.?
Wesleyan College
In what state was the first community college founded?
Illinois
What major legal case was decided in the 1950s, leading to the desegregation of schools and colleges in the U.S.?
Brown v. Board of Education of 1954, the case that made racial segregation unlawful
What are the four most common types of MSIs?
HBCUs, TBUs, HSIs, and AANAPISIs
How did colonial colleges benefit from slavery?
Via labor and economic gains
What was the “first” public university in the U.S.?
The University of Georgia or the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
How was the first community college designed?
As a 2-year extension of high schools in the school setting
What form of reparation has been implemented toward Japanese Americans who were affected by the internment camps when they were in college?
Some universities like USC have given out honorary degrees
What were student activists at San Francisco State asking for?
The creation of ethnic studies departments and programs
What is one of the common reparation actions universities are taking?
Renaming of buildings, memorials, scholarships, public apologies
What is one of the most critical issues affecting HBCUs?
Lack of funding and resources
What did the second Morrill Act of 1890 do?
It created land-grant HBCUs under separate but equal mandates
What were student activists at Berkeley asking for?
Free speech on campus because their anti-war speech was censored
What is the HSI designation requirement?
An institution must have 25% undergraduate Latinx students enrolled, and half of those students need to be from low-income backgrounds
Why did the American Indian education project fail?
Native Americans engaged in acts of resistance
What other major changes occurred during the antebellum years?
Professional schools started, and campus life/student life surfaced as an important aspect of college life
What did the third Morrill Act of 1994 do?
Designated Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCUs) as land-grant institutions
What group of Japanese American college-aged students benefited the most from admissions and permits to leave the camps?
Japanese American women admitted to colleges in the mid-west and east coast
Are race-conscious admission policies lawful?
No, affirmative action for college admissions is unconstitutional as of June 2023