Hammurabi's Code
Translate into Russian: an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, archaeologist, blood feud, cruel, death penalty
око за око и зуб за зуб, археолог, кровная месть, жестокий, смертная казнь
Translate into Russian: draconian, to devise, jury, trial by jury, to enslave debtors
Answer: «драконовский», разрабатывать, присяжные, суд присяжных, обращать должников в рабство
Translate into Russian: natural law, legal system, divine, legal heritage, to develop
Answer: естественное право, правовая система, божественный, правовое наследие, разрабатывать
Magna Carta, limited government, representative government, Habeas Corpus, writ
Великая хартия вольностей, ограниченное правительство, представительное правительство, Акт о неприкосновенности личности, судебный приказ
Translate into Russian: civil code, custom, customary law, case law
гражданский кодекс, обычай, обычное право, прецедентное право
Translate into English: свод законов, правонарушение, правонарушитель, столб, высекать
Answer: legal code, offence, offender, pillar, to carve
Translate into English: суровый, мера, учреждать, обжаловать, правительство
Answer: severe, measure, to establish, to appeal, government
Translate into English: вклад, разрабатывать, развитие, приписывать, закон
Answer: contribution, to develop, development, to attribute, law
Translate into English: подписывать, даровать, знать, свободы, справедливый суд
Answer: to sign, to grant, nobility, liberties, fair trial
Translate into English: гражданские права, равный, брак, развод, собственность
Answer: civil rights, equal, marriage, divorce, ownership
Translate into English: урегулирование долгов, лжеобвинитель, принцип мести, имущественные контракты, цены на товары
Answer: settlement of debts, false accuser, principle of revenge, property contracts, prices of goods
Translate into English: естественное право, правовая система, божественный, правовое наследие, религиозные верования
Answer: natural law, legal system, divine, legal heritage, religious beliefs
Translate into English: всеобъемлющий, уголовное преступление, происхождение, диктатура, доказательство
Answer: comprehensive, criminal offence, descent, dictatorship, evidence
Translate into English: облагать налогами, согласие народа, краеугольный камень, содержание в тюрьме без суда, предъявить ордер
Answer: to levy taxes, popular consent, cornerstone, to be held in prison without trial, to produce a warrant
Translate into English: неприкосновенность, свобода договора, право пользования, опека, расторжение брака
Answer: inviolability, freedom of contract, usufruct, guardianship, dissolution of marriage
What was the principle of revenge in Hammurabi's Code?
An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth - criminals had to receive precisely the injuries and damages they had inflicted upon their victims.
What was Draco's code known for?
Answer: Death was the punishment for most offenses; the term “draconian” applies to extremely harsh measures.
What is natural law?
Answer: The belief that certain basic principles are above the laws of a nation and arise from the nature of people.
What did the Magna Carta establish?
Answer: The principle of limited government, protection against unjust punishment and loss of life, liberty, and property except according to law; no citizen could be punished or kept in prison without a fair trial.
What were the main principles of the Napoleonic Code?
Answer: All male citizens are equal; hereditary nobility and class privileges are extinguished; civilian institutions are emancipated from control of the church; freedom of person, freedom of contract, and inviolability of private property are fundamental principles.
How did Hammurabi's Code take into account the circumstances of the offender?
Answer: A lower-ranking citizen who lost a civil case would be fined less than an aristocrat in the same position - though he would also be awarded less if he won.
What were Solon's main contributions to Athenian law?
Answer: He revised every statute except that on homicide, prohibited enslavement for debt, retained trial by jury, and established courts where citizens could appeal government decisions.
How did the Greek concept of natural law influence the Romans and the modern world?
Answer: The concept of natural law and the development of the first true legal system had a profound effect on the modern world.
What is Habeas Corpus and why is it important?
Answer: Habeas Corpus is a writ (order in the name of the people or the sovereign) to produce an imprisoned person in court at once. It guarantees that nobody can be held in prison without trial. It became law in Britain in 1679 and is used in the United States; Article 1 of the US Constitution states that “Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of rebellion or invasion.”
Describe the contents of the Napoleonic code
The first book of the code deals with the law of persons: the enjoyment of civil rights, the protection of personality, domicile, guardianship, relations of parents and children, marriage, personal relations of spouses, and the dissolution of marriage by annulment or divorce.
The second book deals with the law of things: the regulation of property rights – ownership, usufruct, and servitudes.
The third book deals with the methods of acquiring rights: by succession, donation, marriage settlement, and obligations.
In the last chapters, the code regulates a number of types of contracts, mortgages, limitations of actions, and prescriptions of rights.