Who said that?
"Parents wonder why the streams are bitter, when they themselves have poisoned the fountain."
Who is John Locke?
Infants learn whether or not they can trust others to meet their needs. A secure attachment leads to trust; inconsistency leads to mistrust.
What is trust vs. mistrust stage 1
Natural selection
Who is Charles Darwin
1896-1934
Who is Vygotsky
A research that examines the relationship between two or more variables to determine if they are associated — without manipulating them.
What is a correlational study
"It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change."
Who is Charles Darwin
Children begin initiating activities. Support leads to purpose; discouragement or punishment leads to guilt.
What is initiative vs. guilt stage 3
Psychoanalytic
Who is Sigmund Freud
1896-1980
Who is Jean Piaget
A research method that studies the same group of people over an extended period of time to observe developmental changes.
What is a Longitudinal design
“The impressions of childhood are never lost... they form the substratum of our unconscious life.”
Who is Sigmund Freud
Teens explore personal identity and values. Successful resolution leads to fidelity; failure results in confusion about future roles.
What is identity vs. role confusion stage 5
Behaviorism and social learning theory
Who is John Watson
1925-2021
A research method that combines cross-sectional and longitudinal designs to study multiple age groups over time.
What is a sequential design
"Life doesn’t make any sense without interdependence. We need each other, and the sooner we learn that, the better for us all."
Who is Erik Erikson
Young adults seek close relationships. Success leads to strong bonds; fear of intimacy leads to isolation.
What is intimacy vs. isolation stage 6
Classical conditioning
Who is Ivan Pavlov
1917-2005
Who is Urie Bronfenbrenner
A research method that compares different age groups at one point in time to study developmental differences.
What is a cross-sectional design
“Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-
formed, and my own specified world to
bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take
any one at random and train him to
become any type of specialist I might
select—doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-
chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief,
regardless of his talents, penchants,
tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race
of his ancestors.”
Who is John Watson
Older adults reflect on life. Acceptance leads to wisdom; regret leads to despair.
What is ego integrity vs. despair stage 8
Operant conditioning
Who is B.F. Skinner
1712-1778
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau
A study conducted in a real-world setting where the researcher manipulates one or more variables to observe effects.
What is a field experiment